Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/rebʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*rebʰ-^[1]

ferocity
to be in violent motion

Alternative reconstructions

*rabʰ-^[2]^[3]
*(H)reb⁽ʰ⁾-^[4]

Reconstruction notes

Due to the uncertain etymologies of most of the adduced cognates, the existence of this root in PIE cannot be established with certainty.^[2]

Derived terms

Category Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *rebʰ- not found

*rébʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)?
- Proto-Germanic:
  - Old High German:
    - >? Middle High German: reben (“to move, stir”) (or related to Latin rēpō or perhaps to Middle Irish reb (“play”) and Russian ребёнок (rebjónok))^[5]^[6]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - >? Parthian: [script needed] (rf-, “to attack”) (or perhaps from a separate root)^[6]
    - >? Persian: [script needed] (rav-, “to go”)
*r̥bʰ-yé-ti (yé-present)
- Proto-Italic: *rab- or *raf-^[4]
  - >? Latin: rabiō

Unsorted formations

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *rábhas
- Sanskrit: रभस् (rábhas, “violence, energy, zeal”)
>? Tocharian A: rapurñe (“desire”)^[2]

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*rebʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 496
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “?*rabh-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 22
^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 536: “*rabh- ‘± ferocity’”
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “rabiō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 511
^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*reƀanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 300
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*Hrab/f”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 184