Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/webʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*webʰ-^[1]

to weave, braid

Reconstruction notes

Beekes reconstructs *h₁webʰ- with the laryngeal on the basis of the initial vowel in Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀸𐀟𐀮𐀰𐀕𐀙 (e-we-pe-se-so-me-na /⁠ewepsēsomena⁠/, “which are to be woven”).^[2]

Alternative reconstructions

*h₁webʰ-^[2]^[3] (see notes)

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *webʰ- (30 c, 0 e)

*wébʰ-e-ti ~ *wébʰ-o-nti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Germanic: *webaną^[4] (see there for further descendants)
*wébʰ-ti ~ *ubʰ-énti (athematic root present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wabdʰi
  - Proto-Iranian: *wabdi
    - Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬟- (vaf-, “to weave”)
    - Parthian: wfyd (ind.3sg.)
    - Old Persian:
      - Middle Persian: wp- (waf-)
        Persian: بافتن (bâftan)
*wobʰ-éye-ti (causative)^[5]
- Proto-Germanic: *wabjaną (see there for further descendants)
*u-né-bʰ-ti ~ *u-m-bʰ-énti (nasal-infix present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *umbʰáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *umbʰáti
    - Sanskrit: उम्भति (umbháti), उनब्द्धि (unábddhi)
*ubʰ-néH-ti ~ *ubʰ-nH-énti (*néH-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ubʰnáHti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ubʰnā́ti
    - Sanskrit: उभ्नाति (ubhnā́ti, “cover over; hurt, kill”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *ubnáHti
    - Northern Kurdish: hûnan
*ubʰ-yéti ~ *ubʰ-yónti (*yé-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ubʰyáti
  - Proto-Iranian: *ubyáti
    - Avestan: 𐬎𐬟𐬌𐬌𐬀- (ufiia-, “to weave, to web”)
*wobʰ-eh₂-ti (o-grade eh₂-iterative-intensive)
- Proto-Tocharian: *wäp- (“to weave, braid”)
  - Tocharian A: wäp-
  - Tocharian B: wāp-
*webʰ-n- (either denominal from an n-stem or deverbal from an n-infixed verb)
- ⇒ *webʰ-n-ye-
  - Proto-Albanian: *webnja
    - Albanian: vej
  - Proto-Hellenic:
    - Ancient Greek: ὑφαίνω (huphaínō)
      - Greek: υφαίνω (yfaíno)
*wobʰ-ó-s
- Proto-Tocharian: *yape (“spider”)
*ubʰ-éh₂
- Ancient Greek: ὑφή (huphḗ)
*ubʰ-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ubdʰás
  - Proto-Iranian: *ubdáh
    - Avestan: 𐬎𐬠𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (ubdaēna, “made of cloth”)
*wébʰ-os (neuter *-os result noun)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ὕφος (húphos, “web”) (with analogical zero grade)
*wóbʰ-s-eh₂
*wébʰ-tis
- Proto-Germanic: *wiftiz (see there for further descendants)
*wobʰ-yo-m^[6]
- Proto-Germanic: *wabją (“web”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Germanic: *wabōną, *wabijaną (“to wave”)
- Old English: wafian (“to wave”)
  - Middle English: waven
    - English: wave
- Middle High German: waben (“to wave, undulate”)
- Old Norse: váfa
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wabʰuš
- Proto-Iranian: *wabuš
  - Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬟𐬏𐬱 (vafūš, “hymn, web”)

References

^ Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “weven”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὑφαίνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1540
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*weban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 576
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*wabjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 564
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*wabja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[5], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 563

[1] Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “weven”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

[Beekes-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὑφαίνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1540

[3] Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[4] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*weban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 576

[5] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*wabjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 564

[6] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*wabja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[5], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 563

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