Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welH-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wel-, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welh₁-, and Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welh₃-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*welH-

1. to roll, to undulate

Alternative reconstructions

• *wel-
• *welh₁-

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *welH- (23 c, 0 e)

• *wélH-ti ~ *wl̥H-énti (root present)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Latgalian: veļt
    • Latvian: velt (“to roll, felt”)
    • Lithuanian: vélti (“to felt, tousle”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *wulaną (“to well up”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *welwō (< *wélH-w-ti)
    • Latin: volvō (“to roll, tumble”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wé-wolH-ti ~ *wé-wl̥H-n̥ti (e-reduplicated athematic present)
  • Proto-Germanic: *wallaną (“to well up”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wolH-éye-ti (iterative)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Proto-Slavic: *valiti (“to fall”) (see there for further descendants)
• ^?*wélH-de-ti
  • Proto-Germanic: *weltaną (“to roll”) (see there for further descendants)
  • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *waltijaną (“to cause to roll about”, secondary causative)
• *wl̥H-mí-s (“wave”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wr̥Hmíš (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

• Proto-Albanian: *walwā
  • Albanian: valle (“fold dance”)
• Proto-Albanian: *walā
  • Albanian: valë (“wave”)
• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: գելում (gelum, “to twist”), գիլ (gil, “rolling”), գալար (galar, “twist”), գաղձն (gałjn, “convolvulus”), գեղձ (gełj, “bindweed”), (possibly) գողտր (gołtr, “mild”)
• Balto-Slavic:
  • Baltic:
    • Latgalian: vēļ
    • Latvian: vēl (“yet, still”)
    • Lithuanian: vėl (“again”)
    • Samogitian: viel
  • Slavic:
    • Russian: вал (val, “billow”)
• Proto-Celtic: *walensnā
  • Proto-Brythonic: *gwalenn
    • Middle Breton: goalenn (“green twig”)
      • Breton: gwalenn
• Proto-Celtic: *welnīti
  • Old Irish: fillid (“to bend”)
    • Middle Irish: fillid
      • Irish: fill, pill
      • Manx: filley
      • Scottish Gaelic: fill
    • Middle Irish: tillid (as if prefixed with to-)
      • Irish: till
      • Scottish Gaelic: till
• Proto-Germanic: *waluz (“stick”), *wiligaz (“willow”), *walwijaną (“to roll”), *walkaną (“to turn, walk”), *walkōną (“to roll, to full”), *walgōną (“to roll”), *wallijǭ (“well; wave”) (see there for further descendants)
• Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: ᾱ̔λής (hālḗs) (< *sm̥wl̥ēs), ᾱ̔λίᾱ (hālíā), ᾱ̔λίζω (hālízō), ἀολλέες (aollées) (< *sm̥wolnēs), εἰλεός (eileós), εἰλύω (eilúō), εἴλω (eílō), ἕλιξ (hélix), ἑλίσσω (helíssō), ἐλύω (elúō), ἡλιαίᾱ (hēliaíā), ἴλη (ílē), ὅλμος (hólmos)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    • Sanskrit: उल्ब (úlba), उल्व (úlva)
    • Sanskrit: वलय (valaya, “coil”)
    • Sanskrit: वलयति (valayati, “to cause to turn”)
    • Sanskrit: वल्लि (valli, “creeper; winding plant”)
• Proto-Italic: *wolwumen, *wolgos, *wolwā
  • Latin: valgus, vallis, vallum, valva, volumen, vulgus, vulva (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1140ff