Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wortéyeti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From *wert- (“to turn, rotate”) + *-éyeti (causative verbal suffix).
Verb
[edit]*wortéyeti (imperfective)[1]
- (transitive) to turn
Inflection
[edit]| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *wortéyeti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *wortéyonti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *wortéyoh₂ | *wortéyom | — | *wortéyōh₂ | *wortéyoyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *wortéyesi | *wortéyes | *wortéye | *wortéyēsi | *wortéyoys |
| 3rd singular | *wortéyeti | *wortéyet | *wortéyetu | *wortéyēti | *wortéyoyt |
| 1st dual | *wortéyowos | *wortéyowe | — | *wortéyōwos | *wortéyoywe |
| 2nd dual | *wortéyetes | *wortéyetom | *wortéyetom | *wortéyētes | *wortéyoytom |
| 3rd dual | *wortéyetes | *wortéyetām | *wortéyetām | *wortéyētes | *wortéyoytām |
| 1st plural | *wortéyomos | *wortéyome | — | *wortéyōmos | *wortéyoyme |
| 2nd plural | *wortéyete | *wortéyete | *wortéyete | *wortéyēte | *wortéyoyte |
| 3rd plural | *wortéyonti | *wortéyont | *wortéyontu | *wortéyōnti | *wortéyoyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *wortéyonts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *wortéyoh₂er | *wortéyoh₂e | — | *wortéyōh₂er | *wortéyoyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *wortéyeth₂er | *wortéyeth₂e | *wortéyeso | *wortéyēth₂er | *wortéyoyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *wortéyetor | *wortéyeto | *? | *wortéyētor | *wortéyoyto, *wortéyoyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *wortéyowosdʰh₂ | *wortéyowedʰh₂ | — | *wortéyōwosdʰh₂ | *wortéyoywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *wortéyomosdʰh₂ | *wortéyomedʰh₂ | — | *wortéyōmosdʰh₂ | *wortéyoymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *wortéyedʰh₂we | *wortéyedʰh₂we | *wortéyedʰh₂we | *wortéyēdʰh₂we | *wortéyoydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *wortéyontor | *wortéyonto | *? | *wortéyōntor | *wortéyoyro |
| Participle | *wortéyomnos | ||||
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wártīˀtei (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *wortīti[2] (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *frawardijaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wartáyati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wartáyati
- Sanskrit: वर्तयति (vartáyati)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wartáyati
- Latin: *opvortet
- Latin: oporteō
References
[edit]- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], 1st edition, Oxford: University Press, →ISBN
- ^ Le Mair, Esther (30 September 2011), Secondary Verbs in Old Irish: A comparative-historical study of patterns of verbal derivation in the Old Irish Glosses, Galway: National University of Ireland, page 200