Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ćatám

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Numeral

*ćatám

1. hundred

Derived terms

• *catákah (“one hundred years, century”)
  • Kurdish: (maybe influenced by New Persian)

    Central Kurdish: سەدە (sede /⁠sada⁠/), صەدە (ṣede /⁠sˤada⁠/)

    Northern Kurdish: sede (/⁠sada⁠/)

  • Middle Persian: (/⁠sadag⁠/, “century; Sadeh festival”)

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (stk')

    Pazend script: 𐬯𐬀𐬛𐬀 (sada)

    • Classical Persian: سده (sada)

      Dari: سده (sada)

      Iranian Persian: سده (sade)

      Tajik: сада (sada)

    • → Arabic: سدق (sadaq, “Sadeh festival”), سذق (saḏaq)
      • → Pashto: صده (sadá), سدۍ (sadə́y)
      • → Sindhi: صدي (sadī)
      • → Hindustani:
        • Hindi: सदी (sadī)
        • Urdu: صدی (sadī)
          • → Pashto: صدي (sadí)

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śatám
  • Sanskrit: शत (śatá) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Iranian: *catám
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀 (sata)
      • → English: satem (learned) (from the masculine accusative singular 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨 (satəm))
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian:
      • Ossetian: сӕдӕ (sædæ)
      • Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
        • Khotanese: [script needed] (sata)
        • Wakhi: (/⁠sad⁠/)

          Arabic script: سد

          Cyrillic script: сад (sad)

    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian: σαδο (sado)
      • Khwarezmian: سید (sy̌d /⁠*səd⁠/)
      • Sogdian: (/⁠sat(u)⁠/)

        Sogdian script: [script needed] (st), [script needed] (100)

        Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫤 (st), 𐫯 (100)

        Syriac script: ܣܬܘ (stw)

  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Ormuri-Parachi:
      • Ormuri: سو (/⁠sū⁠/)
      • Parachi: سو (/⁠sȫ⁠/)
    • Pashto: سل (sël)
    • Sanglechi: ساذ (sāδ)
    • Yidgha: شور (šōr)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: سد (/⁠sad⁠/)
    • Kurdish:

      Central Kurdish: سەد (sed /⁠sad⁠/), صه‌د (ṣed /⁠sˤad⁠/) (the form of صه‌د (ṣed) is common for some Sorani dialects)

      Laki: سەد (sed /⁠sad⁠/)

      Northern Kurdish: sed (/⁠sad⁠/), sid (/⁠sid⁠/)

      Southern Kurdish: سەد (sed /⁠sad⁠/)

    • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *sata-
      • Caspian:
        • Gilaki: سد (/⁠sad, səd⁠/)
        • Old Mazanderani: صد (ṣd /⁠sad⁠/)
          • Mazanderani: صد (ṣd /⁠sad⁠/), سد (/⁠sad⁠/)
      • Parthian: (/⁠sad⁠/)

        Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭞 (100)

        Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫅 (sd), 𐫯 (100)

      • Zaza-Gurani
        • Gurani: سەڎ (seð̞ /⁠sað̞⁠/)
        • Zazaki: se (/⁠sa⁠/)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: *θatam (see there for further descendants)
  • → Crimean Gothic: sada
• →? Proto-Slavic: *sъto (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-Uralic: *śëta (see there for further descendants)