Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH
 |
This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-Iranian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Doubtfully from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s > *dn̥ȷ́ʰwáHs > *diȷ́ʰwáHs > *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáHs > *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH.
Another hypothesis, that is more phonologically sound, is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰi-ǵʰwH-eh₂, a reduplicated noun from *ǵʰewH- (“to invoke”) (whence Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰwáyati).[1] As described by Grassmann's law, in PII the initial consonant loses its aspiration due to the next one being aspirated. Avestan displays dissimilation from an earlier *zizuuā. Reduplicated nouns in PIE are also not unprecedented; note the very common *kʷékʷlos (“wheel”). However, Nuristani evidence (especially from Kamkata-viri and Prasun) points to an earlier preform *diȷ́ʰwáH, which may point to the original Proto-Indo-European word albeit with some remodeling. A similar shift from *diǵʰ- to jih- in Sanskrit is exhibited by जिह्म (jihmá).
Noun[edit]
*ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH f
Declension[edit]
| aH-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaH | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰway | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwās |
| vocative | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰway | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰway | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwās |
| accusative | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwām | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰway | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwās |
| instrumental | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaH | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyā(m) | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰiš |
| ablative | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaHs | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyā(m) | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyas |
| dative | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaHy | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyā(m) | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyas |
| genitive | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaHs | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwāyās | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHnām |
| locative | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaH(m) | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwāyaw | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHsu |
Descendants[edit]
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́iźʰwáH
- Proto-Iranian: *hižwáH (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Nuristani: *diȷ́ū́, *duȷ́ū́
References[edit]
- ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura