Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/ǰāmáyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From earlier *gāmáyati, contaminated by *Háǰant, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gāmáyati, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷom-éye-ti, from *gʷem- (“to go”) +‎ *-éyeti. Cognate with Sanskrit गमयति (gamayati).

Verb

*ǰāmáyati^[1]^[2]

to cause to come
to cause to arrive, bring

Inflection

aya-causative
Sing.	3rd	*ǰāmáyati
Plur.	3rd	*ǰāmáyanti
Active voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*ǰāmáyaH(mi)	*ǰāmáyam	—	*ǰāmáyaH(ni)	*ǰāmáyayam
	2nd	*ǰāmáyahi	*ǰāmáyah	*ǰāmáya	*ǰāmáyaHah(i)	*ǰāmáyayš
	3rd	*ǰāmáyati	*ǰāmáyat	*ǰāmáyatu	*ǰāmáyaHat(i)	*ǰāmáyayt
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*ǰāmáyaθHah	?	*ǰāmáyaθHam	?	?
	3rd	*ǰāmáyatah	*ǰāmáyatam	*ǰāmáyatām	*ǰāmáyaHtah	?
Plur.	1st	*ǰāmáyāmah(i)	*ǰāmáyāma	—	*ǰāmáyaHama	*ǰāmáyayma
	2nd	*ǰāmáyaθHa	*ǰāmáyata	*ǰāmáyata	*ǰāmáyaHθaHa	*ǰāmáyayta
	3rd	*ǰāmáyanti	*ǰāmáyantu	*ǰāmáyantu	*ǰāmáyaHant(i)	*ǰāmáyayant
Participle		*ǰāmáyāh
Mediopassive voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*ǰāmáyay	*ǰāmáyay	—	*ǰāmáyaHi	*ǰāmáyaya
	2nd	*ǰāmáyahay	*ǰāmáyaha	*ǰāmáyahwa	*ǰāmáyaHahay	*ǰāmáyayša
	3rd	*ǰāmáyatay	*ǰāmáyata	*ǰāmáyatām	*ǰāmáyaHatay	*ǰāmáyayta
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*ǰāmáyayθHay	?	?	?	?
	3rd	*ǰāmáyaytay	*ǰāmáyaytam	?	?	*ǰāmáyayātam
Plur.	1st	*ǰāmáyāmaday	*ǰāmáyāmadi	—	*ǰāmáyaHāmaday	*ǰāmáyaymadi
	2nd	*ǰāmáyadway	*ǰāmáyadwam	*ǰāmáyaydwam	*ǰāmáyaHadway	*ǰāmáyaydwam
	3rd	ǰāmáyantay, -aray	*ǰāmáyanta	*ǰāmáyantām	ǰāmáyaHantay, -aHaram	*ǰāmáyayanta
Participle		*ǰāmáyaHnah

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬘𐬁𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (jāmaiieⁱti, “to come”)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (zʾmy, imp.), [script needed] (mʾzʾmy-, ipf.), [script needed] (mʾzʾdk, “to bring, present”, ppp.)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Parthian: 𐫋𐫀𐫖𐫏𐫅 (jʾmyd /⁠žāmēd⁠/, “to lead”)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: 𐫉𐫀𐫖𐫗𐫀𐫅 (zʾmnʾd /⁠žāmānd⁠/, “to lead”, 3sg.caus.subj.act.)
  - ⇒ Middle Persian: (“to send”)
    Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫀𐫖𐫏𐫗𐫏𐫆 (zʾmynyẖ /⁠zāmēnēh⁠/, 2sg.pres.), 𐫉𐫀𐫖𐫏𐫗𐫀𐫅 (z’myn’d /⁠zāmēnād⁠/, 3sg.subj.)
    
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zʾmynytn' /⁠zāmēnīdan⁠/)

References

^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), “*¹gam- : gm- : ga- : ǰam-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page *ǰāmai̯a-
^ Benzing, Johannes (1983), “z'my-”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, page 709: “*ǰāmaya-”