Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HrawpaHcáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HlawpaHćás.

Noun

*HrawpaHcáh m

1. fox

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*HrawpaHcáh	*HrawpaHcā́(w)	*HrawpaHcā́h(ah)
vocative	*HráwpaHca	*HráwpaHcā(w)	*HráwpaHcāh(ah)
accusative	*HrawpaHcám	*HrawpaHcā́(w)	*HrawpaHcā́nh
instrumental	*HrawpaHcáH	*HrawpaHcáybʰyā(m)	*HrawpaHcā́yš
ablative	*HrawpaHcā́t	*HrawpaHcáybʰyā(m)	*HrawpaHcáybʰyah
dative	*HrawpaHcā́y	*HrawpaHcáybʰyā(m)	*HrawpaHcáybʰyah
genitive	*HrawpaHcáhya	*HrawpaHcáyāh	*HrawpaHcā́naHam
locative	*HrawpaHcáy	*HrawpaHcáyaw	*HrawpaHcáyšu

Descendants

• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Proto-Scythian: *rōpāsi
    • Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *rōbāsi
      • Proto-Saka: *rōwāsi
        • Khotanese: [script needed] (rrūvāsa), [script needed] (rrivāsa)
    • Proto-Sarmatian: *rōβās
      • Alanic: *roβas
        • Ossetian:

          Digor Ossetian: робас (robas)

          Iron Ossetian: рувас (ruvas)

        • → Hungarian: ravasz (see there for further descendants)
  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Khwarezmian: روبس (rwbs)
    • Proto-Sogdic: *ráo̭pasah
      • Sogdian: (/rṓpas/)

        Buddhist: [script needed] (rwps)

        Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫇𐫛𐫘 (rwps)

      • Yaghnobi: rū́pas
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Ormuri: [script needed] (rawas)
  • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
    • Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
      • Munji: [script needed] (rausa)
      • Yidgha: [script needed] (rūso)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
      • Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
        • Sarikoli: rapc
        • Shughni: ру̊пц (rū̊pc), (Bartangi, Roshani) рӯпц (rūpc)
      • Yazghulami: рәпц (rəpc), рәбц (rəbc)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: [script needed] (ropāsk)
  • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    • Caspian:
      • Gilaki: [script needed] (lavās)
      • Mazanderani: [script needed] (luās)
    • Proto-Komisenian:
      • Sangisari: روه (rɛva)
    • Old Median: *rawbāsah
      • Middle Median: *rūbās
        • Kermanic:
          • Yazdi: [script needed] (ruwås)
        • Sivandi: rūbā
        • Southern Tati: [script needed] (lūas)
      • Talysh: rivos
      • Talysh: рывос
      • Talysh: rıvos
      • → Elamite: 𒊏𒌋𒁀𒊓 (ra-u-ba-sa)
    • Parthian: [script needed] (rwbʾs /⁠rōbās⁠/)
    • Semnani: ruvā́
    • Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
      • Gurani: رۋاس (řiʋās)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Old Persian: *raupāθah
    • Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wpʾh /⁠rōbāh⁠/)
      • Classical Persian: روباه (rōbāh)
        • Iranian Persian: روباه (rubâh)
        • Tajik: рӯбоҳ (rüboh)
      • Lurish رۋا (rüā)
        • Nahavandi: رڤا (revā)