Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwaHdapatiš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *cwáHdah (“army”) +‎ *pátiš (“lord”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pótis (“master”)).

Noun

*cwaHdapatiš

general, commander

Inflection

masculine/feminine i-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*cwaHdapatiš	*cwaHdapatiH	*cwaHdapatayah
vocative	*cwaHdapatay	*cwaHdapatiH	*cwaHdapatayah
accusative	*cwaHdapatim	*cwaHdapatiH	*cwaHdapatinš
instrumental	*cwaHdapatiH	*cwaHdapatibʰyā(m)	*cwaHdapatibʰiš
ablative	*cwaHdapatayš	*cwaHdapatibʰyā(m)	*cwaHdapatibʰyah
dative	*cwaHdapatayay	*cwaHdapatibʰyā(m)	*cwaHdapatibʰyah
genitive	*cwaHdapatayš	*cwaHdapatiyāh	*cwaHdapatiHnaHam
locative	*cwaHdapatāy	*cwaHdapatiyaw	*cwaHdapatišu

Descendants

Old Median: spāδapatiš
- Middle Median: *aspāδapat, *aspāδapati (early form), *aspāhapet (late form)
  - → Old Armenian: ասպարապետ (asparapet), ասպահապետ (aspahapet)
- → Old Persian: spādapatiš
  - Middle Persian: 𐭮𐭯𐭠𐭧𐭯𐭲𐭩 (spāhbed), [script needed] (spāhbedān spāhbed), [script needed] (Ērān-spāhbed, “generalissimo; commander in chief”)
    - Persian: سپهبد (sepahbod), اسپهبد (espahbod), سپاهبد (sepâhbad), سپاهبذ (sepâhbaz), اسپاهبذ (espâhboz), اسپهبذ (espahboz), اسبهبد (esbahbad), اسبهبد (esbahbaz), اسفهبد (esfahbad, esfahbod), اسفهبذ (esfahbaz)
      - → Ottoman Turkish: سپهبد (sipehbüd), اسپهبد (ispehbed), اسفهبد (isfehbed)
    - → Ancient Greek: ἀσπαβέδης (aspabédēs), Ασπετιος (Aspetios), Ασπεϝεδες (Aspewedes), Ασπεβεδες (Aspebedes) (or all from [Term?] (/⁠Aspbed⁠/) or its cognates)
    - → Arabic: إِصْبَهْبَذ (ʔiṣbahbaḏ), أَصْبَهْبَذ (ʔaṣbahbaḏ), صِبَهْبَذ (ṣibahbaḏ)
      - → Persian: اصفهبد (esfahbad)
    - → Old Armenian: սպայապետ (spayapet) (possibly)
    - → Classical Syriac: ܐܣܦܗܒܝܕ (sphbyd), [script needed] (aspabid), [script needed] (astabid)
Parthian: 𐭎𐭐𐭀𐭃𐭐𐭕𐭉 (spʾdpty /⁠spāδbed⁠/)
- → Old Armenian: սպարապետ (sparapet)
  - Armenian: սպարապետ (sparapet)
    - → English: sparapet
Sogdian: ܣܦܐܕܦܬ (spʾdpt)
→ Georgian: სპასპეტი (sṗasṗeṭi)
- → English: spaspet

References