Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-tōr

This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Alternative forms

• *-sōr

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-tōr.

Suffix

*-tōr m (feminine *-trīks)

1. Forms agent nouns to verb stems.

Usage notes

• There are two ways to form agent nouns in *-tōr in Italic:
  • The inherited way, which Whatmough calls the "PIE rule", is to attach the suffix directly to the e-grade of the verb root. If the verb root ends in a dental stop, the suffix becomes *-sōr and absorbs that stop.
  • An innovated way, which Whatmough calls the "Italic rule", is to suffix *-tōr to the same stem that *-tos would be suffixed to form the past passive participle. The "Italic rule" was how agent nouns were formed from first-conjugation denominal verbs.

Declension

Declension of *-tōr (consonant stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*-tōr	*-tores
vocative	*-tōr	*-tores
accusative	*-torem	*-torens
genitive	*-tores, -toros	*-torom
dative	*-torei	*-torβos
ablative	*-tori? -tore?	*-torβos
locative	*-tori? -tore?	*-torβos

Derived terms

Proto-Italic terms suffixed with *-tōr

Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/opifatōr

Descendants

• Latin: -tor, -sor (see there for further descendants)
• Oscan: -𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌄𐌝 (-tureí, dat. sg.) (in 𐌓𐌄𐌂𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌄𐌝 (regatureí)), -σορει (-sorei, dat. sg.) (in ϝερσορει (wersorei))
• Paelignian: -tur (in salavatur)
• Umbrian: -𐌕𐌖𐌓 (-tur) (in e.g. 𐌖𐌇𐌕𐌖𐌓 (uhtur))