Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kara

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This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
This Proto-Japonic entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Japonic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

*kara

  1. lineage, origin[1]
  2. course, way[2]

Descendants[edit]

In all of its descendants, the term has also evolved into an ablative marker meaning "from".

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

*kara

  1. shell; hollow place

Descendants[edit]

  • Old Japanese: から (kara, “shell”) (voiced hapax)
    • Japanese: 殻, 骸 (kara, “shell”), 空, 虚 (kara, “empty”)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *kara (“empty”), *-gara (“shell”)
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Kunigami: 殻, 骸 (-garā, “shell”), 空, 虚 (harā, “empty”)
      • Northern Amami-Oshima: 殻, 骸 (-gara, “shell”), 空, 虚 (xara, “empty”)
      • Okinawan: 殻, 骸 (-gara, “shell”), 空, 虚 (kara, “empty”)
      • Southern Amami-Oshima: 空, 虚 (kara, “empty”)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: 空, 虚 (kara-, “empty”)
      • Yaeyama: 空, 虚 (kara-, “empty”)

Etymology 3[edit]

Adjective[edit]

*kara

  1. sharp of flavor
    1. salty
    2. spicy
    3. strong (of alcohol)
  2. harsh

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Bjarke Frellesvig ((Can we date this quote?)) “Old Japanese Particles”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[1]
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