Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/hasaq

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *Sasaq.

Verb

*hasaq

to sharpen, to whet

Descendants

Philippine
- Northern Luzon
  - Ilocano: ása
- Central Luzon
  - Sambalic
    - Bolinao: asa'
    - Abenlen Ayta: aha
    - Mag-Anchi Ayta: aha
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Philippine
    - Tagalog: hasa
    - Visayan
      - Tausug: hasa'
  - South Mangyan
    - Hanunoo: ása
  - Palawanic
    - Brooke's Point Palawano: asa'
    - Central Palawano: asaq
  - Subanen
    - Central Subanen: asa'
  - Manobo
    - Agusan Manobo: 'hasà
  - Gorontalo–Mongondow
    - Mongondow: ata'
- Kalamian
  - Calamian Tagbanwa: asak
- South Mindanao
  - Tboli: éhék
- Sangiric
  - Sangir: asa
- Minahasan: *asaʔ
  - Tombulu: asak
Barito
- Sama-Bajaw
  - Inabaknon: hasa'
  - Yakan: asa'
  - Inner Sulu
    - Central Sama: asa'
    - Southern Sama: asah
  - Borneo Coast
    - Mapun: asa'
    - West Coast Bajau: asa'
- East Barito
  - Ma'anyan: aha
  - Malagasy: asa
- West Barito
  - Ngaju: asa
North Bornean
- Northeast Sabahan
  - Bonggi: asah
- Southwest Sabahan
  - Dusunic
    - Central Dusun: asa
    - Rungus: asa
    - Kimaragang: asa
    - Tobilung: asa
- North Sarawakan
  - Bintulu: asek
  - Dayic
    - Kelabit: asa
- Central Sarawakan
  - Melanau-Kajang
    - Central Melanau: asak
    - Kanowit: asak
  - Punan–Müller-Schwaner
    - Punan
      - Punan Bah-Biau: mengaa'
      - Punan Tubu: menga'
      - Punan Aput: maha'
      - Bukitan: ngaha'
      - Ukit: ngasa'
    - Müller-Schwaner Punan
      - Hovongan: masa
      - Kereho: masa
      - Aoheng: masa
Kayanic
- Kayan–Murik
  - Baram Kayan: asa
  - Busang Kayan: pasaʔ
  - Bahau: haːʔ
  - Punan Merap: maha
- Segai–Modang
  - Segai: msae̯ʔ
  - Modang: məsae̯ʔ
Land Dayak
- Benyadu–Bekati'
  - Benyadu': ngansa
  - Bekati': ngansa
- Bidayuh
  - Bau Bidayuh: ngasa'
  - Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: ngaasa'
- Southern Land Dayak
  - Jangkang: ngonsah
  - Ribun: ngoso
Rejang: aseak
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Batak
  - Northern
    - Dairi Batak: asah
    - Karo Batak: asah
  - Southern
    - Toba Batak: asa
    - Simalungun Batak: asah
- Simeulue: asa
- Mentawai: asa
Lampungic
- Lampung Api: asah
Malayo-Sumbawan
- Chamic
  - Acehnese: asah
  - Coastal Chamic
    - Haroi: asăh
    - Cham
      - Eastern Cham: ꨔꩍ (thah)
      - Western Cham: اتحه (athah)
  - Highlands Chamic
    - Chru–Northern Chamic
      - Chru: asah
      - Northern Chamic
        Northern Roglai: asah
        
        Tsat: sa⁵⁵
    - Jarai–Rhade
      - Jarai: ăsah
      - Rade: asah
- Malayic
  - Ibanic
    - Iban: ansah
    - Mualang: ansah
    - Seberuang: ansah
  - Banjarese: asah
  - Malayan
    - Malay: asah
      - > Indonesian: asah (inherited)
    - Minangkabau: osoh
  - Urak Lawoi': อาซะฮ (asah)
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
  - Sasak: asaq
  - Sumbawa: asa
- Sundanese: asah
Old Javanese: asah
- Javanese: asah
South Sulawesi
- Bugis–Tamanic
  - Buginese: asa
  - Embaloh: ansa
- Northern
  - Mamuju: asa
  - Mandar: asa
  - Torajan
    - Toraja-Sa'dan: asa
    - Tae': asa
- Seko: *asaː
Celebic
- Saluan–Banggai
  - Balantak: asa'
- Muna–Buton
  - Muna: ansa
- Kaili–Pamona
  - Pamona: asa
  - Uma: aha'
- Tomini–Tolitoli
  - Tajio: asa
  - Dampelas: asa
- Bungku–Tolaki
  - Mori Bawah: moaha
Chamorro: guåsa'
Central Malayo-Polynesian
- Sumba–Flores
  - Kambera: aha
- Central Maluku
  - East
    - Watubela: ahak
    - Paulohi: asae
    - Asilulu: hasa
  - West
    - Buru (Indonesia): asak
    - Taliabu: hasa
Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Halmahera-Cenderawasih
  - Biak: yās
- Proto-Oceanic: *asa(q) (see there for further descendants)

References

Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*Sasaq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (2010–), “*Sasaq”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary