Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/hon

This Proto-Mongolic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Mongolic

Etymology

Cognate with Khitan 𘮗 (*po, “time”).

Noun

*hon

1. (the duration of a) year

   Coordinate terms: *ǰil (“[calendar] year”), *nasun (“year [of age]”)

Descendants

• Middle Mongol:

  Uyghurjin script: ᠣᠨ (hon)

  Phags-pa script: ꡜꡡꡋ (hon)

  • Central Mongolic:
    • Buryat: он (on)
    • Classical Mongolian: ᠣᠨ (on)
      • Khamnigan Mongol: он (on)
      • Mongolian: ᠣᠨ (on)

        Cyrillic script: он (on)

    • Written Oirat: ᡆᠨ (on)
      • Kalmyk: он (on)
  • Daur: hoon
  • Southern Mongolic:
    • East Yugur: hon
    • Shirongolic:
      • Bonan: xoŋ
      • Dongxiang: xon
      • Kangjia: hon, huŋ
      • Monguor:
        • Mangghuer: xon
        • Mongghul: fon
• → Jurchen: [script needed] (fon, “time”)
  • Manchu: ᡶᠣᠨ (fon, “time”)

References

• Nugteren, Hans (2011), Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎^[1], Utrecht: LOT, page 359: “*hon”
• Vajda, Edward (2024), The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 111: “*xo.n”