Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/(j)azъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵ(h₂).

According to Kapović, *ja derives from Proto-Indo-European *éǵ(h₂), while *jazъ derives from *eǵh₂óm.
Kortlandt, responding to Kapović, derives *jàzъ from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀźun, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm, and rejects *ja as secondary.
Olander similarly reconstructs only a single early Proto-Slavic form, *ˈēzu, to yield later *ja̋zъ, *já.

Pronoun

*(j)ãzъ^[1]^[2]

I

Declension

Proto-Slavic personal pronouns
Singular	1st person	2nd person	Reflexive
Nominative	jãzъ, jà	*ty̑	—
Accusative	*mę̑	*tę̑	*sę̑
Genitive	*mȅne	*tȅbe	*sȅbe
Locative	*mьně̀	*tebě̀	*sebě̀
Dative	mьně̀, mi	tebě̀, ti	sebě̀, si
Instrumental	mъnòjǫ, mъnojǫ̀	tobòjǫ, tobojǫ̀	sobòjǫ, sobojǫ̀

Possessive	*mojь	*tvojь	*svojь
Dual	1st person	2nd person	Reflexive
Nominative	*vě̑	*vȃ	—
Accusative	*nȃ	*vȃ	*sę̑
Genitive	*nàju	*vàju	*sȅbe
Locative	*nàju	*vàju	*sebě̀
Dative	nàma, na	vàma, va	sebě̀, si
Instrumental	*nàma	*vàma	sobòjǫ, sobojǫ̀

Possessive	*našь	*vašь	*svojь
Plural	1st person	2nd person	Reflexive
Nominative	*my̑	*vy̑	—
Accusative	*ny̑	*vy̑	*sę̑
Genitive	*nàsъ	*vàsъ	*sȅbe
Locative	*nàsъ	*vàsъ	*sebě̀
Dative	nàmъ, ny	vàmъ, vy	sebě̀, si
Instrumental	*nàmi	*vàmi	sobòjǫ, sobojǫ̀

Possessive	*našь	*vašь	*svojь

Derived terms

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ꙗзъ (jazŭ), ꙗ (ja)
  - Old Ruthenian: ꙗ (ja), ꙗзъ (jaz)
    - Belarusian: я (ja)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: я (ja)
    - Ukrainian: я (ja)
  - Russian: я (ja)
- Old Novgorodian: ꙗꙁъ (jazŭ), ꙗсъ (jasŭ), аꙁъ (azŭ), ꙗ (ja)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: азъ (azŭ)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰰⰸⱏ (azŭ)
  - → Old East Slavic: азъ (azŭ)
    - Old Ruthenian: азъ (az)
    - Russian: (archaic or religious) аз (az), (pre-1918 orthography) азъ (az)
- Bulgarian: аз (az), а́зе (áze), яз (jaz), я́зе (jáze), (all of the following dialectal) я́зека (jázeka), я (ja), яс (jas), ес (es), йес (jes)
- Macedonian: (standard) јас (jas), (dialectal) ја (ja), (dialectal) јазе (jaze), (dialectal) јаска (jaska)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ја̑
  
  Latin script: jȃ
- Slovene: jȁz (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: já, jáz
  - Czech: já
- Polabian: joz, jo
- Old Polish: ja, jaz
  - Polish: ja
  - Silesian: jŏ
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: jô
  - Slovincian: jo
- Old Slovak: ja
  - Pannonian Rusyn: я (ja)
  - Slovak: ja
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: ja
  - Lower Sorbian: ja

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*azъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 31: “prn. ‘I’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “ja”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “I: cf. table X”