Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gъbnǫti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gúbtei + *-nǫti.

Verb

*gъbnǫ̀ti impf

1. (transitive) to bend, to fold, to dimple
2. (reflexive) (+ *sę) to flex

Conjugation

Conjugation of *gъbnǫti, *gъbe, *gъbnetь (impf., -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*gъbenьje	*gъbnǫti	*gъbnǫtъ	*gъblъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*gъbenъ	*gъbnomъ
Active	*gъbъ	*gъbny

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gъb(ox)ъ	*gъbe	*gъbe	*gъbnǫ	*gъbneši	*gъbnetь
Dual	*gъb(ox)ově	*gъb(e/os)ta	*gъb(e/os)te	*gъbnevě	*gъbneta	*gъbnete
Plural	*gъb(ox)omъ	*gъb(e/os)te	*gъbǫ, *gъbošę	*gъbnemъ	*gъbnete	*gъbnǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gъbněaxъ	*gъbněaše	*gъbněaše	—	*gъbni	*gъbni
Dual	*gъbněaxově	*gъbněašeta	*gъbněašete	*gъbněvě	*gъbněta	—
Plural	*gъbněaxomъ	*gъbněašete	*gъbněaxǫ	*gъbněmъ	*gъbněte	—

Conjugation of *gъbnǫti, *gъbnǫ, *gъbnetь (impf., -n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*gъbnovenьje	*gъbnǫti	*gъbnǫtъ	*gъbnǫlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*gъbnovenъ	*gъbnomъ
Active	*gъbnǫvъ	*gъbny

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gъbnǫxъ	*gъbnǫ	*gъbnǫ	*gъbnǫ	*gъbneši	*gъbnetь
Dual	*gъbnǫxově	*gъbnǫsta	*gъbnǫste	*gъbnevě	*gъbneta	*gъbnete
Plural	*gъbnǫxomъ	*gъbnǫste	*gъbnǫšę	*gъbnemъ	*gъbnete	*gъbnǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gъbněaxъ	*gъbněaše	*gъbněaše	—	*gъbni	*gъbni
Dual	*gъbněaxově	*gъbněašeta	*gъbněašete	*gъbněvě	*gъbněta	—
Plural	*gъbněaxomъ	*gъbněašete	*gъbněaxǫ	*gъbněmъ	*gъbněte	—

Alternative forms

• *gъnǫti (dialectal difference)

Derived terms

• *nagъbnǫti
• *ogъbnǫti
• *orzgъbnǫti
• *pergъbnǫti
• *sъgъbnǫti
• *gъbežь (“bend, joint”)
• *gъnъka (“wrinkle, dimple”)
• *gъbъkъ, *gъbъkavъ (“flexible”)
• *gъbьnъ (“soft, liable”)
• *negъbľь (“unsusceptible, not liable”)

Related terms

• *gubìti (“to destroy”)
• *gỳbnǫti (“to perish”)
• *gybati (“to perish? to bend? to break?”)
• *guba (“bending, dimpling”)
• *sǫgubъ (“double”)
• *gybъ

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: гъбнѫти (gŭbnǫti), гънѫти (gŭnǫti)
    • Belarusian: гнуць (hnucʹ)
    • Russian: гнуть (gnutʹ)
    • Ukrainian: гну́ти (hnúty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: *гънѫти (*gŭnǫti)
    • ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: съгънѫти (sŭgŭnǫti, “to fold”)
    • ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: разгънѫти (razgŭnǫti, “to unfold”)
  • Bulgarian: гъ́на (gǎ́na)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: га̀нути

    Latin script: gànuti

  • ⇒ Slovene: ganīti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hnúti
    • Czech: hnout
  • Polish: giąć
  • Pomeranian:
    • Slovincian: ħḯc
  • Slovak: hnúť, dialectal gebnúť
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: hnuć
    • Lower Sorbian: gnuś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гнуть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gъbnǫti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 188
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гъ̀на¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 302