Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gospoda

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis

Proto-Indo-European *pótis

Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstipotis

Proto-Balto-Slavic *gástipatis

Proto-Slavic *gospodь

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ

Proto-Slavic *-a

Proto-Slavic *gospoda

From *gospodь (“lord”) +‎ *-a (“collective suffix”), akin to Latin hospitālis (“hospitable”).

Noun

*gospodà f

1. dominion, sovereignty, property
2. (by specialization) hostel, tavern, inn

   Synonym: *gosti(lь)nica

Inflection

Declension of *gospodà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gospodà	*gospòdě	*gospodỳ
genitive	*gospodỳ	*gospodù	*gospòdъ
dative	*gospodě̀	*gospodàma	*gospodàmъ
accusative	*gospodǫ̀	*gospòdě	*gospodỳ
instrumental	*gospodòjǫ, *gospòdǫ**	*gospodàma	*gospodàmī
locative	*gospodě̀	*gospodù	*gospodàsъ, *gospodàxъ*
vocative	*gospodo	*gospòdě	*gospodỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: господа (gospoda, “dominion”)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Glagolitic script: ⰳⱁⱄⱂⱁⰴⰰ (gospoda)

    Old Cyrillic script: господа (gospoda, “hostel”)

  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: госпо̀да

    Latin script: gospòda

  • Slovene: gospóda (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hospoda
    • Czech: hospoda
  • Polish: gospoda
  • Old Slovak: hospoda
    • Slovak: hospoda (dialectal)
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: gòspòda
    • Slovincian: gôspôda
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: góspoda
    • Upper Sorbian: hospoda

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Old Hungarian: gazda
    • Hungarian: gazda
      • → Bulgarian: га́зда (gázda) (dialectal)
      • → Czech: gazda (dialectal)
      • → Macedonian: газда (gazda)
      • → Old Ruthenian: кгазда (gazda), ґазда (gazda)
        • Carpathian Rusyn: ґа́зда́ (gázdá)
        • Ukrainian: ґа́зда́ (gázdá) (dialectal)
      • → Old Slovak: gazda
        • Pannonian Rusyn: ґазда (gazda)
        • Slovak: gazda
      • → Polish: gazda (dialectal)
      • → Romanian: gazdă
      • → Serbo-Croatian:

        Cyrillic script: га̏зда

        Latin script: gȁzda

        • → Slovene: gȃzda (tonal orthography)
      • → Slovak: gazda

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “господа”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gospoda”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 58