Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pęta

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pentà. Probably from *pęti (“to stretch”) +‎ *-ta, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to span, to spin”). Akin to Lithuanian péntis (“heel, spur”), Old Prussian pentis (“spur”), Latvian piête (i-stems).

Noun[edit]

*pętà f^[1]^[2]^[3]

heel

Declension[edit]

Declension of *pętà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*pętà	*pę̑tě	*pę̑ty
Accusative	*pę̑tǫ	*pę̑tě	*pę̑ty
Genitive	*pętý	*pętù	*pę̃tъ
Locative	*pę̑tě	*pętù	pętàsъ, pętàxъ^*
Dative	*pętě̀	*pętàma	*pętàmъ
Instrumental	*pętojǫ́	*pętàma	*pętàmi
Vocative	*pęto	*pę̑tě	*pę̑ty

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Related terms[edit]

*pęti (“to stretch”)
*pǫtь (“path”)
*pǫtъkъ (“sandal, slipper”)

Descendants[edit]

East Slavic
- Old Ruthenian: пѧта (pjata), пета (peta), пьѧта (pʹjata)
  - Ukrainian: п'ята́ (pʺjatá)
  - ⇒ Belarusian: пя́тка (pjátka)
- Russian: пята́ (pjatá)
- → Yiddish: פּיאַטע‎ (pyate)
South Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic: пѧта (pęta)
  - Bulgarian: пета́ (petá), пе́нта (pénta) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: пета (peta)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: пе́та
  
  Latin: péta
- Slovene: péta
West Slavic
- Old Czech:
  - Czech: pata
  - Knaanic: פטא‎
- Lechitic
  - Kashubian: piãta
  - Polabian: p’ǫtă
  - Polish: pięta
  - Silesian: piynta
- Slovak: päta
- Sorbian
  - Lower Sorbian: pěta
  - Upper Sorbian: pjata

References[edit]

^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pętà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 399: “f. ā (c) ‘heel’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “pęta pęty”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c hæl (PR 138)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “péta”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*pęta̋”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pętà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 399: “f. ā (c) ‘heel’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001), “pęta pęty”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c hæl (PR 138)”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016), “péta”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*pęta̋”

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