Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/protivьnikъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *protivъ +‎ *-ьnikъ.

Noun

*protivьnikъ m

1. opponent, adversary

Inflection

Declension of *protivьnikъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*protivьnikъ	*protivьnika	*protivьnici
genitive	*protivьnika	*protivьniku	*protivьnikъ
dative	*protivьniku	*protivьnikoma	*protivьnikomъ
accusative	*protivьnikъ	*protivьnika	*protivьniky
instrumental	*protivьnikъmь, *protivьnikomь*	*protivьnikoma	*protivьniky
locative	*protivьnicě	*protivьniku	*protivьnicěxъ
vocative	*protivьniče	*protivьnika	*protivьnici

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old Ruthenian: проти́вникъ (protívnik)
    • Belarusian: праці́ўнік (pracíwnik)
    • Ukrainian: проти́вник (protývnyk)
  • Russian: проти́вник (protívnik)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: противьникъ (protivĭnikŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⱁⱅⰺⰲⱐⱀⰺⰽⱏ (protivĭnikŭ)

  • Bulgarian: проти́вник (protívnik)
  • Macedonian: противник (protivnik)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: про̀тӣвнӣк

    Latin script: pròtīvnīk

• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: protivník
    • Czech: protivník
  • Old Polish: przeciwnik
    • Polish: przeciwnik
    • Silesian: przeciwnik
  • Old Slovak: protivník
    • Pannonian Rusyn: процивнїк (procivnjik)
    • Slovak: protivník
  • Slovincian: prôcywnjik

Further reading

• Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “против”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 785