Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sliva

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sliˀwā́ˀ, presumably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₃y- (“bluish”), from which also Proto-Germanic *slaihwǭ (“sloe”).

Noun

*slìva f

1. plum
2. plum tree

Inflection

Declension of *slìva (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*slìva	*slìvě	*slìvy
genitive	*slìvy	*slìvu	*slìvъ
dative	*slìvě	*slìvama	*slìvamъ
accusative	*slìvǫ	*slìvě	*slìvy
instrumental	*slìvojǫ, *slìvǭ**	*slìvama	*slìvamī
locative	*slìvě	*slìvu	*slìvasъ, *slìvaxъ*
vocative	*slìvo	*slìvě	*slìvy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• Old East Slavic: слива (sliva)
  • Old Ruthenian: слива (sliva)
    • Belarusian: слі́ва (slíva)
    • Ukrainian: сли́ва (slýva)
  • Russian: сли́ва (slíva)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⰻⰲⰰ (sliva)

    Old Cyrillic script: слива (sliva)

    • Bulgarian: сли́ва (slíva)
    • Macedonian: слива (sliva)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: шљи̏ва

    Latin script: šljȉva

  • Slovene: slíva (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: slíva
    • Czech: slíva
  • Kashubian: slëwa
  • Polabian: slaiveńă
  • Old Polish: śliwa
    • Polish: śliwa
  • Old Slovak: slíva, slivka
    • Pannonian Rusyn: шлївка (šljivka)
    • Slovak: slíva, slivka
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: slěwka
    • Upper Sorbian: slowka

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Lithuanian: slyvà, slỹvas
  • → Old Prussian: sliwaytos
  • → Hungarian: szilva

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “сли́ва”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress