Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stojati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *stojěti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *stajḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂éh₁yeti (“to stand”).

Perhaps a denominal stative (called "essive" in LIV)^[1] derived from an earlier participle stem or from a "Balto-Slavic stative derivative"^[2]^[3] related to the original Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti stative suffix. Parallel to Proto-Slavic *stajati.

Cognate with Proto-Italic *staēō.

Verb

*stojàti impf^[4]^[5]^[6]

(stative) to stand

Conjugation

Conjugation of *stojati, *stoja, *stojitь (impf., intr., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*stojanьje	*stojati	*stojatъ	*stojalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*stojavъ	*stoję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*stojaxъ	*stoja	*stoja	*stojǫ	*stojiši	*stojitь
Dual	*stojaxově	*stojasta	*stojaste	*stojivě	*stojita	*stojite
Plural	*stojaxomъ	*stojaste	*stojašę	*stojimъ	*stojite	*stojętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*stojaaxъ	*stojaaše	*stojaaše	—	*stoji	*stoji
Dual	*stojaaxově	*stojaašeta	*stojaašete	*stojivě	*stojita	—
Plural	*stojaaxomъ	*stojaašete	*stojaaxǫ	*stojimъ	*stojite	—

Derived terms

*zastojь (“halt, abeyance”)
*stojanъka (“standoff, place for standing”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: стоꙗти (stojati)
  - Belarusian: стая́ць (stajácʹ)
  - Russian: стоя́ть (stojátʹ)
  - Ukrainian: стоя́ти (stojáty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: стоꙗти (stojati)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱁⱑⱅⰻ (stoěti)
- Bulgarian: стоя́ (stojá)
- Macedonian: стои (stoi)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ста̏јати
  
  Latin script: stȁjati
- Slovene: státi (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: stát
- Old Polish: stać
  - Polish: stać, stojeć (Near Masovian, Kuyavia, Ciechocinek, Western Lublin, Eastern Lublin, Lublin Voivodeship), stoić (Central Greater Poland, Far Masovian, Kuyavia, Ciechocinek, Western Lublin, Eastern Lublin, Lublin Voivodeship, Łowicz)
  - Silesian: stać
- Old Slovak: stáť
  - Pannonian Rusyn: стац (stac)
  - Slovak: stáť
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: stac, stojec
  - Slovincian: stôjec
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: stać, stojeć, stejeć
  - Lower Sorbian: stojaś

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 590: “Essiv... aksl. (+) stojǫ, stojati ‘stehen’”
^ Darden, Bill J. (1990), “Laryngeals and Syllabicity in Balto-Slavic and Indo-European”, in The Chicago Linguistic Society‎^[1]
^ Kortlandt, Frederik (1989), “Lithuanian statýti and related formations”, in Baltistica XXV‎^[2]
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stojati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468: “v. (c) ‘stand’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “stojati: stojǫ stojitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[3], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c stå (PR 139)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “státi¹”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*stoja̋ti ... sed. *stȍjǫ”

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 590: “Essiv... aksl. (+) stojǫ, stojati ‘stehen’”

[2] Darden, Bill J. (1990), “Laryngeals and Syllabicity in Balto-Slavic and Indo-European”, in The Chicago Linguistic Society‎^[1]

[3] Kortlandt, Frederik (1989), “Lithuanian statýti and related formations”, in Baltistica XXV‎^[2]

[EDSIL-4] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stojati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468: “v. (c) ‘stand’”

[5] Olander, Thomas (2001), “stojati: stojǫ stojitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[3], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c stå (PR 139)”

[6] Snoj, Marko (2016), “státi¹”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*stoja̋ti ... sed. *stȍjǫ”

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