Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/svoboda
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]| PIE word |
|---|
| *swé |
From *svobь, from Proto-Indo-European *swo-bʰo-/*swe-bʰo- (synchronically derived from *svojь), + *-oda. Same extension in Latvian atsvabināt (“to free”), Old Prussian subs, Proto-Germanic *swēbaz m, *sibjō f, Latin Sabīnī, Sabellī, Samnium. For the suffix cf. *agoda. According to Vasmer, the original meaning was "the status of a member of one's own clan" (compare the similar origins of Latin liber and English free, as well as the original meanings of the tribal names above and the meaning of Proto-Germanic *sibjō).
Noun
[edit]*svobodà f
Inflection
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *svobodà | *svȍbodě | *svȍbody |
| genitive | *svobodý | *svobodù | *svobòdъ |
| dative | *svobodě̀ | *svobodàma | *svobodàmъ |
| accusative | *svȍbodǫ | *svȍbodě | *svȍbody |
| instrumental | *svobodojǫ́ | *svobodàma | *svobodàmi |
| locative | *svȍbodě | *svobodù | *svobodàsъ, *svobodàxъ* |
| vocative | *svobodo | *svȍbodě | *svȍbody |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *svobodà | *svobòdě | *svobodỳ |
| genitive | *svobodỳ | *svobodù | *svobòdъ |
| dative | *svobodě̀ | *svobodàma | *svobodàmъ |
| accusative | *svobodǫ̀ | *svobòdě | *svobodỳ |
| instrumental | *svobodòjǫ, *svobòdǫ** | *svobodàma | *svobodàmī |
| locative | *svobodě̀ | *svobodù | *svobodàsъ, *svobodàxъ* |
| vocative | *svobodo | *svobòdě | *svobodỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- *svojь, *sebě, *sobojǫ
- *sobь, *soba, *sobьstvo, *sobiti, *osobiti
- *svěně
- *svьstь/*svěstь, *svatъ, *posětiti
Descendants
[edit]Some forms feature dissimilation u̯…b > l…b.
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “свобода”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 148
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “свобода”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “слобода”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Oleg Trubačóv (1959), История славянских терминов родства, page 170f
- August Ahlqvist (1894) August Ahlqvist's Wogulische sprachtexte nebst Entwurf einer wogulischen grammatik aus dem nachlasse des verfassers hrsg, page 36
- Vladimir Žuravljóv (1982) Внешние и внутренние факторы языковой эволюции, page 167, page 166
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “sebjō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429