Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/uxo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *auš- (or possibly *auši-, if reconstructed as an i-stem), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws. Cognate with Lithuanian ausis, Latvian auss, Old Prussian āusins (accusative plural).

Noun

*ȗxo n

1. ear

Declension

Declension of *ȗxo (s-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ȗxo	*ȗšesi	*ušesà
genitive	*ȗšese	*ušesù	*ušèsъ
dative	*ȗšesi	*ušesьmà	*ušèsьmъ
accusative	*ȗxo	*ȗšesi	*ušesà
instrumental	*ȗšesьmь	*ušesьmà	*ušesý
locative	*ȗšese	*ušesù	*ušèsьxъ
vocative	*ȗxo	*ȗšesi	*ušesà

Declension of *ȗxo (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ȗxo	*ȗśě	*uxà
genitive	*ȗxa	*uxù	*ũxъ
dative	*ȗxu	*uxomà	*uxòmъ
accusative	*ȗxo	*ȗśě	*uxà
instrumental	*ȗxъmь, *ȗxomь*	*uxomà	*uxý
locative	*ȗśě	*uxù	*uśě̃xъ
vocative	*ȗxo	*ȗśě	*uxà

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Declension of *ȗši (i-stem, accent paradigm c)

	dual
nominative	*ȗši
genitive	*ušьjù, *ušu*
dative	*ušьmà
accusative	*ȗši
instrumental	*ušьmà
locative	*ušьjù, *ušu*
vocative	*ȗši

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Traditionally reconstructed as an s-stem. Derksen reconstructs an o-stem instead, while Halla-aho reconstructs an i-stem (*ušь) on the basis of the Baltic evidence and the OCS dual forms, albeit at an earlier stage of Proto-Slavic than that represented here.

Derived terms

• *uxačь (“hare”)
  • Czech: ucháč
  • Lower Sorbian: wuchac
  • Upper Sorbian: wuchač

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: ухо (uxo)
    • Old Ruthenian: у́хо (úxo), ву́хо (vúxo)
      • Belarusian: ву́ха (vúxa)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: у́хо (úxo), ву́хо (vúxo)
      • Ukrainian: ву́хо (vúxo)
    • Russian: у́хо (úxo)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: оухо (uxo)

    Glagolitic script:

  • Bulgarian: ухо́ (uhó)
  • Macedonian: уво (uvo)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: у̏хо, у̏во

    Latin script: ȕho, ȕvo

  • Slovene: uhọ̑ (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic
  • Old Czech: ucho
    • Czech: ucho
  • Old Polish: ucho
    • Polish: ucho
    • Silesian: ucho
  • Old Slovak: ucho
    • Pannonian Rusyn: ухо (uxo)
    • Slovak: ucho
  • Polabian: vaux’ü
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: ùchò
    • Slovincian: wùchô
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: wucho
    • Lower Sorbian: wucho

References

• Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• Halla-aho, Jussi (2006), Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki