Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bal

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Iranian *mádu (“honey, wine”).^[1]^[2]^[3]

Original meaning must have been some sort of viscous liquid, see potential cognates *balčïk (“mud”) and *bālïk (“fish”) for more.

Doublet of Old Uyghur 𐽹𐽶𐽾 (mir)^[1]^[3].

Noun

*bal

honey

Declension

Declension of *bal
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*bal
accusative	balïg, balnï¹⁾
genitive	*balnïŋ
dative	*balka
locative	*balta
ablative	*baltan
allative	*balgaru
instrumental ²⁾	*balïn
equative ²⁾	*balča
similative ²⁾	*ballayu
comitative ²⁾	*ballïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

→ Proto-Mongolic: *bal
- Mongolian: бал (bal)
Oghur:
- Chuvash: пыл (pyl)
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: bal
  - Ottoman Turkish: بال (bal)
    - Gagauz: bal
    - Turkish: bal
- Salar: bal
- Turkmen: bal
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: بال (bal)
  - Khorezmian Turkic: بال
    - Uyghur: بال (bal)
    - Uzbek: bol
Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: bal
  - Karachay-Balkar: бал (bal)
  - Karaim: бал
  - Kumyk: бал (bal)
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: бал (bal)
  - Tatar: бал (bal)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak: pal
    - Kazakh: бал (bal)
    - Nogai: бал (bal)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: бал (bal)
    - Southern Altai: бал (bal)
Siberian:
- South Siberian:
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: бал (bal)
    - Shor: пал

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Clauson, Gerard (1972), “ba:l, mır”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 330, 771
^ Räsänen, Martti (1969), Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 59
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Witzel, Michael (2003), Linguistic Evidence for Cultural Exchange in Prehistoric Western Central Asia (Sino-Platonic Papers; 129)‎^[1], Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, page 13

[clauson-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Clauson, Gerard (1972), “ba:l, mır”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 330, 771

[2] Räsänen, Martti (1969), Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 59

[Witzel-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Witzel, Michael (2003), Linguistic Evidence for Cultural Exchange in Prehistoric Western Central Asia (Sino-Platonic Papers; 129)‎^[1], Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, page 13

[1]

[2]

[3]

Foods - yẹ̄miĺčler, yẹ̄miĺčsāyïn
Barley	barley: *arpa	Pea	beans, peas: *burčak	Wheat	farro, wheat: *bugday
Jujube	jujube: *yidge	Alaska wild berries	berry: *yidgelek	Strawberry	strawberry: čige, čigelek
Apple	apple: *almïla	Walnuts	walnut: *yaŋgak	Honey	honey: *bal
Millet	millet: *tarïg	Onion	onion: *sōgun	Salt	salt: *tūŕ
Egg	egg: *yumurtka	Butter	butter: *yāg	Mushroom	mushroom: *kömbe
Radish	radish: turp, turma	Carrot	carrot: *turma	Hazelnuts	hazelnut: *bōńurï