Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/buka

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Comparisons with Proto-Mongolic *bugu (“stag”) (Mongolian буга (buga)) or Proto-Slavic *bykъ have been made. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*buka

1. bull

Declension

Declension of *buka

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*buka
Accusative	*bukanï, *bukag 4), *bukanïg 1)
Genitive	*bukanïŋ
Dative	*bukaka
Locative	*bukada
Ablative	*bukadan
Allative	*bukagaru
Instrumental 2)	*bukan
Equative 2)	*bukača
Similative 2)	*bukalayu
Comitative 2)	*bukalïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Oghur: *bïqa
  • → Hungarian: bika
• Common Turkic: *buka

• Oghuz:
  • Proto-Oghuz: *buɣa
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: بُغه (buğa)
      • Azerbaijani: buğa
      • Ottoman Turkish: بوغا (boğa), بوقا, بوغه, بُغه
        • Gagauz: bua, buha
        • Turkish: boğa
          • → Middle Armenian: բուղայ (buġay)
          • → Armenian: բուղա (buġa), պուղա (puġa); բուղայ (buġay)
    • Turkmen: buga
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: بُقا (buqā)
    • Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (buqa)
      • Chagatai: بوقا (buqa)
        • Uyghur: بۇقا (buqa)
        • Uzbek:
          • Cyrillic script: буқа (buqa)
          • Latin script: buqa
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak: boga, buga (Codex Cumanicus)
    • Armeno-Kipchak: պուղա (puġa), պուհա (puha)
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: Буға (Buğa, “Taurus”) (only in astrology)
      • Tatar:
        • Cyrillic script: бога (boğa)
        • Latin script: boğa
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: buğa
      • Karachay-Balkar: бугъа (buğa)
      • Karaim:
        • Cyrillic script: буха
        • Latin script: buha
      • Kumyk: бугъа (buğa)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Kazakh: бұқа (būqa)
        • Karakalpak:
          • Cyrillic script: буҳа
          • Latin script: buha
        • Nogai: буга (buga)
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: бука (buka)
        • Southern Altai: бука (buka)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰆𐰸𐰀 (b¹uq̊¹a /⁠buqa⁠/)
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (buqa)
      • Western Yugur: buɢa, bəɢa, boɢa
  • South Siberian:
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Chulym: пуға
      • Khakas: пуға (puğa)
      • Shor: пуға
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Soyot: буъһа
      • Tofa: буъһа
      • Tuvan: буга (buga)
• → Proto-Mongolic: *buka
  • Buryat: буха (buxa)
  • Daur: bag
  • Dongxiang: bagvachou (with a diminutive suffix)
  • East Yugur: pigqa
  • Khamnigan Mongol: buxa
  • Middle Mongol:

    Hanzi: 補哈 (buqa) (Beilu Yiyu)

    • Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠬ
      ᠠ (buk a)
    • Mongolian: бух (bux) (Khalkha), /bʊxa/ (Ordos)
  • Monguor:

    Mongghul: bugha

    Mangghuer: bugha

  • → Proto-Tungusic:
    • Evenki: бука (buka)
    • Manchu: ᠪᡠᡴᠠ (buka, “breeding ram”), ᠪᡠᡥᠠ (buha, “beast”)
    • Solon: буха
• → Old East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: буга́й (buháj)
  • Russian: буга́й (bugáj)
  • Ukrainian: буга́й (buháj)
    • → Polish: buhaj, bugaj
    • → Romanian: buhai (“bull; friction drum”)
    • → Yiddish: בוהײַ (buhay)
• → Proto-Iranian: *bukáh
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: бог’ә (boẍe)

  • Ossetian: богъ (boǧ), богъа (boǧa)
  • Persian: بقّه (boqqa)

    Judeo-Tat: бугъэ (buqə) / buqə

• Kartvelian:
  • → Georgian: ბუღა (buɣa)
  • → Mingrelian: ბუღა (buɣa)
  • → Svan: ბუღუ̂ა (buɣûa)
• → Proto-Mordvinic:
  • Erzya: бука (buka)
  • Moksha: бука (buka)
• → Proto-Northeast Caucasian:
  • Proto-Avaro-Andian:
    • Andi: бугъа (buğa)
    • Avar: бугъа́ (buğá)
  • Proto-Dargwa:
    • Dargwa: бугъа (buγa)
  • Lak: бугъа (buğa)
  • Proto-Lezghian:
    • Budukh: бугъа (buğa)
    • Lezgi: быгъа (byġa)
  • Proto-Nakh:
    • Chechen: бугӏа (buğa)
    • Ingush: бугӏа (buğa)
  • Proto-Tsezian:
    • Bezhta: бугъа (buğa)
    • Hunzib: бугъа (buġa)
  • Udi: бугъа (buɣa)
• → Proto-Northwest Caucasian:
  • Ubykh: быгъуы
  • → Adyghe: быгъу (bəğʷu)

References

• Abajev, V. I. (1958) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 264
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “buka:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 312
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 752, page 299
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1978) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Nauka, page 231
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*mūk`o ( ~ -u)”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill