Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brannijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *brinnaną (“to burn”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbrɑn.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*brannijaną

1. to cause to burn, to set on fire

Inflection

Conjugation of *brannijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*brannijō	*brannijaų	—	*brannijai	?
2nd singular	*brannīsi	*brannijais	*brannī	*brannijasai	*brannijaisau
3rd singular	*brannīþi	*brannijai	*brannijaþau	*brannijaþai	*brannijaiþau
1st dual	*brannijōs	*brannijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*brannijaþiz	*brannijaiþiz	*brannijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*brannijamaz	*brannijaim	—	*brannijanþai	*brannijainþau
2nd plural	*brannīþ	*brannijaiþ	*brannīþ	*brannijanþai	*brannijainþau
3rd plural	*brannijanþi	*brannijain	*brannijanþau	*brannijanþai	*brannijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*brannidǭ	*brannidēdį̄
2nd singular	*brannidēz	*brannidēdīz
3rd singular	*brannidē	*brannidēdī
1st dual	*brannidēdū	*brannidēdīw
2nd dual	*brannidēdudiz	*brannidēdīdiz
1st plural	*brannidēdum	*brannidēdīm
2nd plural	*brannidēdud	*brannidēdīd
3rd plural	*brannidēdun	*brannidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*brannijandz	*brannidaz

Descendants

Many of these descendants have become conflated with the base verb *brinnaną.

• Proto-West Germanic: *brannijan
  • Old English: bærnan, *brænnan
    • Middle English: brennen
      • English: bren
      • Scots: brenn, bren, brend
  • Old Frisian: berna, barna
    • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: baanje, baddenje
    • West Frisian: baarne, barne, brâne
  • Old Saxon: brennian
    • Middle Low German: bernen
      • Low German: brennen, brannen
  • Old Dutch: brennen
    • Middle Dutch: bernen, barnen
      • Dutch: barnen
      • Limburgish: borre
      • ⇒ Middle Dutch: branden (backformation)
        • Dutch: branden
        • Limburgish: branje, brenje
  • Old High German: brennen
    • Middle High German: brennen
      • Bavarian: brenna
      • German: brennen
      • Luxembourgish: brennen
      • Yiddish: ברענען (brenen)
• Old Norse: brenna, brinna
  • Icelandic: brenna
  • Faroese: brenna
  • Norwegian: brenna, brenne
  • Elfdalian: brinna
  • Old Swedish: brinna
    • Swedish: brinna
  • Old Danish: brinnæ, brænnæ
    • Danish: brænde
    • Scanian: brænða
  • Gutnish: brinne
• Gothic: *𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*brannjan)