User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/masd-

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Root[edit]

*masd-^[1]^[2]

to fatten, feed

Derived terms[edit]

*másd-ye-ti (ye-present)^[1]^[3]
- Proto-Germanic: *mastijaną (“to fatten, feed”)^[3]
  - Old English: mæsten
  - Middle Dutch: mesten
    - Dutch: mesten
  - German: mästen
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mázdyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mázdyati
    - Sanskrit: मेद्यति (médyati, “to become fat”)

*masd-éye-ti (eye-causative)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mazdáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mazdáyati
    - Sanskrit: मेदयति (medáyati, “to make fat”)

*masd-gʰ- (“marrow, brain”)

*másd-os^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mázdas^[4]
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mázdas
    - Sanskrit: मेदस् (médas, “fat, marrow”)

*másd-tu-s^[2]^[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mástˢtuš or *mástuš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mástuš
    - Sanskrit: मस्तु (mástu, “sour cream”)

*másd-tr̥ ~ *másd-tn̥-s^[5]^[6]^[7]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mástr̥ ~ *mástas (“brain, marrow”)^[8]
  - Proto-Iranian: *mástah
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (māstaa)
    - Parachi: [script needed] (mhastō)
  - ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mastr̥ǰʰā́, *mastr̥gʰā́^[8] (< earlier *mast-mr̥ǰʰā́, *mast-mr̥gʰā́ < + *mr̥ǰʰā́, *mr̥gʰā́ (“brain”) < *mr̥gʰḗn ~ *mr̥gʰ-nés)
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mastr̥źʰā́
      - Sanskrit: मस्तृहन् (mastṛhan)
    - Proto-Iranian: *mastr̥gā́
      - Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬔𐬀𐬥 (mastər^əgan)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: mrestīwe (“marrow”)

>? *masd-ó-s^[2]^[1]
- >? Proto-Germanic: *mastaz (“mast, fruit of forest trees”)^[3]
  - Old English: mæst
    - English: mast
  - Old High German: mast
- >? Proto-Hellenic: *masdós
  - Ancient Greek: μαζός (mazós, “human breast”)

>? *masd-tó-s^[2]
- >? Proto-Hellenic: *mastós
  - Ancient Greek: μᾰστός (mastós, “human breast”)

>? *m̥sd-yó-s^[2]^[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *azdyás (or < *Hes-dʰ-yó-s)
  - Proto-Iranian: *azdyáh
    - Avestan: 𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬀 (azdiia, “well fed, fat”)

Unsorted formations

Old Irish: miur (“marrow”)
Tocharian B: ṣmare (“oily, greasy”)
English: smear

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*masd-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 422
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “1. *masd-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 461-462
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*masta- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 357
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “mad-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 694-695
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 188
^ Lubotsky, A.M. (2008a) “Indo-European clusters and compounds: methodology and evidence”, in Lecture held at the 13th Indo-Germanische Fachtagung, 21-27 September 2008, Salzburg
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “mrestīwe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 514-515
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2015) “Suppletive Phenomena in Older Indo-Iranian Noun Inflection”, in Diachrony and Suppletion‎^[1], Prague, page 3

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*masd-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 422

[NIL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “1. *masd-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 461-462

[EDPG-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*masta- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 357

[IEW-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “mad-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 694-695

[5] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 188

[6] Lubotsky, A.M. (2008a) “Indo-European clusters and compounds: methodology and evidence”, in Lecture held at the 13th Indo-Germanische Fachtagung, 21-27 September 2008, Salzburg

[7] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “mrestīwe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 514-515

[Kummel-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2015) “Suppletive Phenomena in Older Indo-Iranian Noun Inflection”, in Diachrony and Suppletion‎^[1], Prague, page 3

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User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/masd-

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