Wiktionary:Proto-Malayic entry guidelines
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This is a Wiktionary policy, guideline or common practices page. This is a draft proposal. It is unofficial, and it is unknown whether it is widely accepted by Wiktionary editors. |
| Policies – Entries: CFI - EL - NORM - NPOV - QUOTE - REDIR - DELETE. Languages: LT - AXX. Others: BLOCK - BOTS - VOTES. |
Proto-Malayic is the reconstructed ancestor of all Malayic languages. It is a descendant of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (which in turn is a descendant of Proto-Austronesian).
This page contains guidelines for Proto-Malayic reconstructions. Proto-Malayic reconstructions are created in the Reconstruction namespace, as subpages, e.g. Reconstruction:Proto-Malayic/anak for the reconstruction *anak.
Notation
[edit]We use Adelaar's notation in describing Proto-Malayic sounds.
Consonants
[edit]| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | Voiceless | *p | *t | *c | *k | *ʔ |
| Voiced | *b | *d | *j[C 1] | *ɡ | ||
| Nasal | *m | *n | *ñ[C 2] | *ŋ | ||
| Fricative | *s | *h | ||||
| Liquid | *l | *r[C 3] | ||||
| Approximant | *w | *y[C 4] | ||||
It's important to consider the existence of glottal stop *ʔ at the end of a last vowel when creating a Proto-Malayic reconstruction. This glottal stop comes from several Malayic languages in northwestern Borneo (it is often not reflected in the orthography), although some linguists argue that this is some sporadic sound change occuring in these languages.
Notes
[edit]Vowels
[edit]| Height | Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | *i | *u | |||||
| Mid | *ə | ||||||
| Open | *a |
'A' or 'ᴀ' indicates that the vowel is either *a or *ə, while 'V' indicates that the vowel is uncertain. Reduction of antepenultimate vowels into schwa is common in many Malay varieties, and the original vowel must be inferred from other languages.
The reconstructed diphtongs are: *-ay, and *-aw.
Descendants
[edit]Descendants are listed in alphabetical order by language, in the manner like this:
===Descendants===
* Ibanic
** {{desc|iba|}}
** {{desc|mtd|}}
** {{desc|sbx|}}
* {{desc|kxd|}}
* {{desc|meo|}}
* {{desc|ms|}}
** {{desc|id|}}
* {{desc|min|}}
* {{desc|mui|}}
* {{desc|mfa|}}
* {{desc|urk|}}
Subgrouping
[edit]By far, the most accepted subgroup in the Malayic languages is Ibanic, which contains several languages spoken in northwestern Borneo. The exact classification for other Malayic languages is still unclear, to the extent that many linguists have little interest to do so. However, subgroups as defined by Glottolog (e.g. Nuclear Malayic, East Borneo Malay, or Betawic) are allowed on the descendants section.
Resources
[edit]- Adelaar, K. A. (1992), Proto-Malayic: The reconstruction of its phonology and parts of its lexicon and morphology[1], Canberra: The Australian National University