From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
These are the rules concerning transliteration in Sindhi entries.
No.
Letter
Name of letter
Transcription
IPA
1
ا ( ā ) , آ ( ā ) ʾalif /aː, ʔ/ , ∅
2
ب ( b ) be /b/
3
ٻ ( ḇ ) ḇe /ɓ/
4
ڀ ( bh ) bhe /bʱ/
5
ت ( t ) te /t̪/
6
ٿ ( th ) the /t̪ʰ/
7
ٽ ( ṭ ) ṭe /ʈ/
8
ٺ ( ṭh ) ṭhe /ʈʰ/
9
ث ( s̱ ) se /s/
10
پ ( p ) pe /p/
11
ج ( j ) jīm /d͡ʒ/
12
ڄ ( j̄ ) j̄e /ʄ/
13
جھ ( jh ) jhe /d͡ʒʱ/
14
ڃ ( ñ ) ñe /ɲ/
15
چ ( c ) ce /t͡ʃ/
16
ڇ ( ch ) che /t͡ʃʰ/
17
ح ( ḥ ) he /ɦ/
18
خ ( x ) xe /x/
19
د ( d ) dāl /d̪/
20
ڌ ( dh ) dhe /d̪ʱ/
21
ڊ ( ḍ ) ḍe /ɖ/
22
ڏ ( ḏ ) ḏe /ɗ/
23
ڍ ( ḍh ) ḍhe /ɖʱ/
24
ذ ( ẕ ) zāl /z/
25
ر ( r ) re /r/
26
ڙ ( ṛ ) ṛe /ɽ/
27
ز ( z ) ze /z/
28
س ( s ) sīn /s/
29
ش ( ś ) śīn /ʂ/ ~/ʃ/
30
ص ( ṣ ) swād /s/
31
ض ( ẓ ) zwād /z/
32
ط ( t̤ ) to'e , te /t/
33
ظ ( z̤ ) zo'e ze /z/
34
ع ( ʻ ) ʿain /aː, oː, eː, ʔ/ , ∅
35
غ ( ġ ) ġain /ɣ/
36
ف ( f ) fe /f/
37
ڦ ( ph ) phe /pʰ/
38
ق ( q ) qāf /k, q/
39
ڪ ( k ) kāf /k/
40
ک ( kh ) khe /kʰ/
41
گ ( g ) gāf /ɡ/
42
ڳ ( g̠ ) g̠e /ɠ/
43
گھ ( gh ) ghe /ɡʱ/
42
ڱ ( ṅ ) ṅe /ŋ/
43
ل ( l ) lām /l/
44
م ( m ) mīm /m/
45
ن ( ̃ ) nūn /n, ◌̃/
46
ڻ ( ṇ ) ṇe /ɳ/
47
و ( o ) vav v, o, au, ū
/ʋ, oː, ɔː, uː/
48
ء hamzo , hamzā /ʔ/ , Ø
49
ى ye
y, ī, e
/j, iː, eː/
50
ه he /ɦ/ or /ʱ/
Letter
Transcription
IPA
اَ a
/ə/
آ ā
/aː/
اِ i
/ɪ/
اِي ī
/iː/
اُ u
/ʊ/, /ɯ/
اُو ū
/uː/
اي e
/eː/
اَي ai
/ɛː/
او o
/oː/
اَو au
/ɔː/
1
2
3
4
5
6
short
independent
अ इ उ ऋ ए ओ
diacritic
inherent
ि ु ृ े ो
trans.
a
i
u
ŕ
e
o
IPA
[ə]
[ɪ]
[ʊ]
[rɪ]
[eː]
[oː]
long
independent
आ ई ऊ
ऐ औ
diacritic
ा ी ू
ै ौ
trans.
ā
ī
ū
ai
au
IPA
[aː]
[iː]
[uː]
[ɛː]
[ɔː]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
velar
deva.
क ख ग ॻ घ ङ
ह
trans.
k
kh
g
g̠
gh
ṅ
h
IPA
[k]
[kʰ]
[ɡ]
[ɠ]
[ɡʱ]
[ŋ]
[h]/[ɦ]
palatal
deva.
च छ ज ॼ झ ञ य श
trans.
c
ch
j
j̄
jh
ñ
y
ś
IPA
[tʃ]
[tʃʰ]
[dʒ]
[ɟ]
[dʒʱ]
[ɲ]
[j]
[ʂ]
retroflex
deva.
ट ठ ड ॾ ढ ण र ष
trans.
ṭ
ṭh
ḍ
ḏ
ḍh
ṇ
r
ṣ
IPA
[ʈ]
[ʈʰ]
[ɖ]
[ɗ]
[ɖʱ]
[ɳ]
[ɾ]
[ʂ]
dental
deva.
त थ द
ध न ल स
trans.
t
th
d
dh
n
l
s
IPA
[t̪]
[t̪ʰ]
[d̪]
[d̪ʱ]
[n]
[l]
[s]
labial
deva.
प फ ब ॿ भ म व
trans.
p
ph
b
ḇ
bh
m
v
IPA
[p]
[pʰ]
[b]
[ɓ]
[bʱ]
[m]
[ʋ]/[v]/[w]
The ़ नुक़्ता nuqtā ) diacritic describes sounds not found in Sanskrit, and therefore not represented by standard Devanagari. Most of these sounds are found in Persian and English loanwords.
1
2
3
4
5
6
deva.
क़ ख़ ग़ ज़ फ़ ड़
trans.
q
x
ġ
z
f
ṛ
IPA
[k], [q]
[x]
[ɣ]
[z]
[f]
[ɽ]
The (अनुस्वार anusvara ) is "transliterated" according to its context in a word. Basically, the consonant (or lack thereof) immediately following the nasal vowel determines exactly how the transliteration will occur.
First, a tilde diacritic is added to the nasalized vowel
ã, ā̃, ẽ, ĩ, ī̃, ũ, ū̃, etc.
If a consonant follows the nasalized vowel, the transliteration of the consonant's corresponding nasal consonant follows.
Gutturals (क, ख, ग, घ, ह ) will use ṅ (for ङ )
Dentals (त, थ, द, ध, ल, स ) will use n (for न )
Labials (प, फ, ब, भ, व ) will use m (for म ), etc.
— 'n' and 'm' are disambiguated from न and म . George Cardona and Dhanesh Jain, editors (2003 ), The Indo-Aryan Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), Routledge, →ISBN 692 Nihalani, Paroo (1995 ), “Sindhi”, in Journal of the International Phonetic Association , volume 25 , number 2, →JSTOR 95–98 
