Wiktionary:Western Yugur entry guidelines
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Western Yugur is a Turkic language spoken in Gansu province, China by less than 5 thousand people. It is represented by the language code ybe.
This page describes the treatment of Western Yugur terms in Wiktionary entries, for readers and editors.
Orthography
[edit]Western Yugur has no native written tradition and no officially supported orthography, thus most sources write Western Yugur in ad-hoc phonemic transcriptions. Wiktionary has adopted Lei Xuanchun's IPA based orthography to which all entries should be standardized. The table below elucidates difference between orthographies of several major sources.
| № | Wiktionary and Lei Xuanchun | Roos 2000 | Tenishev | Starling | Proto-Turkic | Eastern Yugur | Proposal of Common Turkic Alphabet |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | a | а | a | a | a | a | |
| e | e | е | e | e | e | e | |
| i | i | и | i | i | i, ii | i | |
| ə | ï | ы | ɨ | ɨ | i | ı (after back vowels), ə (after front vowels as in Cyrillic Іі) | |
| o | o | о | o | o | o | o | |
| ø | ö | ӧ | ö | ö | ö | ö | |
| u | u | у | u | u | u | u | |
| y | ü | ӱ | ü | ü | ü | ü | |
| q, ɢ | (h)q(h) | (‘)k(‘) | q, G | k, g | q, gh | ğ | |
| k, g | (h)k(h) | (‘)к(‘) | k, g | k, g | k, g | k, g | |
| t, d | (h)t(h) | (‘)т(‘) | t, d | t, d | t, d | t, d | |
| p, b | (h)p(h) | (‘)п(‘) | p, b | p, b | p, b | p, b | |
| tʃ, dʒ [1] | (h)ɕ(h) | (')тш"(‘) | č, ǯ | č, ǯ | c, j | j/ʝ/ǰ (/ɕ/, as in ciğen "donkey" from Mongolian *eljigen, and, /ɕʰ/, as in çük- "to kneel" from Turkic *čök-) | |
| tʂ, dʐ [1] | (h)c̨(h) [2] | (')тш(‘) | č, ǯ | č, ǯ | c, j | c (/t͡ʂ/, as in qucaqta- "to hug"), ç (/t͡ʂʰ/, as in çıqan "cousin") | |
| [3] | ts, dz [4] | (h)c(h) | ((')ц(‘)) [5] | - | - | ts, dz [6] | ts |
| x | x | х | x | - | x | x | |
| ɣ | ɣ | ҕ [7] | ɣ | g | gh, g | ğ | |
| ʃ | ȿ [8] | ш" | š | š | sh | ş | |
| [9] | j | y | й | j | j | y | y |
| ʂ | ʂ | ш | š | š | sh | ş | |
| ʐ | ʐ | ж [10] | ž | - | zh [11] | j | |
| s | s | (')с(') | (h)s | s | s | s | |
| z | z | з, с (phonemically) | s | z | z | z | |
| f | (f) | ф | - | - | f [12] | f | |
| ŋ | ŋ | ң | ŋ | ŋ | ng | ñ | |
| n | n | н | n | n | n | n | |
| m | m | м | m | m | m | m | |
| r | r | р | r | r | r | r | |
| l | l | л | l | l | l | l | |
| h | h | һ [13] | h | h | h | h | |
| v | w | в | v, w | - | w | v | |
| T- | Tʰ- | Т'- | T- | - | T- | t | |
| D- | T- | Т- | D- | - | D- | d- | |
| -hC- | -ʰC- | -'C(')- | -hC-, -T- | - | -T- | ||
| -D- | -T- | -Т- | -T- | - | -D- | d | |
| -Tʰ- | -T- | -(')Т'- | ? | - | -T- | t | |
| -T | -T | -Т | -T | -T | -D | -t |
Notes
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Written as ligatures in Lei
- ^ Actually c with retroflex hook, no way to typeset
- ^ Chinese only, marginal phoneme
- ^ Not originally used by Lei
- ^ Presumably, can't find a mention
- ^ Marginal
- ^ But not listed as a phoneme
- ^ Actually s with a palatal hook, can't typeset
- ^ Apparently it patterns with fricatives in some sense
- ^ Not listed as a phoneme
- ^ Marginal
- ^ Marginal
- ^ Not listed as a phoneme
Entries and links
[edit]Main entries should be created for the lemma of a word, its canonical form. Terms in lists of translations, related terms, etc. may link to the lemma. In Wiktionary the lemma is usually:
- Nouns, adjectives & proper nouns: nominative singular.
- Verbs: infinitive stem with a dash at the end.
Supplementary entries may be created for variations of the term, usually simply linking to the lemma using a template such as {{inflection of}} or {{alternative spelling of}}.
Cyrillic orthography for the {{ybe-variant}}
[edit]| Tenishev | Tofa alphabet[1] | Khakas alphabet[2] | Cyrillic for WY | IPA for WY |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| а | Аa | Аа | Аа | /ɑ/ |
| (‘)п(‘) | Бб | Бб | Бб | /p/ |
| в | Вв | Вв | Вв | /w/ |
| (‘)к(‘) (velar) | Гг | Гг | Гг | /k/ |
| ҕ | Ғғ | Ғғ | Ҕҕ/Ғғ | /ɣ/ |
| (‘)т(‘) | Дд | Дд | Дд | /t/ |
| е | Ее | Ее | Ее | /(j)e/ |
| Ёё | Ёё | /jo/ | ||
| ж | Жж | Жж | Жж | /ʐ/ |
| з, с | Зз | Зз | Зз | /z/ |
| и | Ии | Ии | Ии | /i/ |
| ы | Іі | Іі | Ii[3] | /ə/ |
| й | Йй | Йй | Йй | /j/ |
| (‘)к(‘) (velar) | Кк | Kk | Кк | /kʰ/ |
| (‘)k(‘) (uvular) | Ӄӄ | Ӄӄ | /q/, /qʰ/ | |
| л | Лл | Лл | Лл | /l/ |
| м | Мм | Мм | Мм | /m/ |
| н | Нн | Нн | Нн | /n/ |
| ң | Ӈӈ | Ңң | Ӈӈ/Ңң | /ŋ/ |
| о | Оо | Оо | Оо | /o/ |
| ӧ | Өө | Ӧӧ | Ӧӧ/Өө | /ø/ |
| (‘)п(‘) | Пп | Пп | Пп | /pʰ/ |
| р | Рр | Рр | Рр | /r/ |
| (')с(') | Сс | Сс | Сс | /s/ |
| (‘)т(‘) | Тт | Тт | Тт | /tʰ/ |
| у | Уу | Уу | Уу | /u/ |
| ӱ | Үү | Ӱӱ | Ӱӱ/Үү | /y/ |
| ф | Фф | Фф | Фф | /f/ |
| х | Хх | Хх | Хх | /x/ |
| ((')ц(‘)) | Цц | Цц | Цц | /t͡s/ |
| (')тш"(‘) | Чч | Чч | Чч | /t͡ʂʰ/ |
| (')тш(‘) | Ҷҷ | Ӌӌ(†) | Ҷҷ | /t͡ʂ/ |
| ш" | Шш | Шш | Шш | /ʂ/ |
| Щщ | /ɕ/, /ɕʰ/ | |||
| (') | Ъъ | Ъъ | Ъъ | /ʰ/ |
| ы | Ыы | Ыы | Ыы[4] | /ɯ/, /ə/ |
| ь | ь | /◌ʲ/ | ||
| Ээ | Ээ | Ээ | /e/ | |
| Юю | Юю | Юю | /ju/ | |
| Яя | Яя | Яя | /jɑ/ |