acer

See also: Acer and acèr

English

Noun

acer (plural acers)

1. Obsolete spelling of acre

Anagrams

• -care, Acre, CERA, Care, Cera, Crea, Race, acre, care, e-car, race, race-

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Catalan

Etymology

From Old Occitan [Term?], from Late Latin aciārium, from Latin aciēs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed”). Compare French acier, Galician aceiro, Italian acciaio, Occitan acièr, Portuguese aço, Spanish acero.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /əˈse/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /aˈseɾ/

Noun

acer m (uncountable)

1. steel

Derived terms

• acer inoxidable

Related terms

• acerar

Further reading

• “acer” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

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Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *akris, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱrós (“sharp”). The change from o-stem to i-stem declension is irregular and not fully explained. Likewise, Latin has irregular lengthening of the vowel. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄκρος (ákros).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈaː.ker/, [ˈäː.kɛr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.t͡ʃer/, [ˈɑː.t͡ʃɛr]

Adjective

ācer (feminine ācris, neuter ācre, comparative ācrior, superlative ācerrimus, adverb ācriter); third-declension three-termination adjective

1. sharp, sour, bitter, pungent
2. keen, sharp, acute, sagacious
3. energetic, active, vigorous
4. eager, zealous, spirited
5. subtle
6. severe, violent, cruel, hot
7. penetrating, piercing

Declension

Third-declension three-termination adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ācer	ācris	ācre		ācrēs		ācria
Genitive	ācris				ācrium
Dative	ācrī				ācribus
Accusative	ācrem		ācre		ācrēs		ācria
Ablative	ācrī				ācribus
Vocative	ācer	ācris	ācre		ācrēs		ācria

Derived terms

• acerbus
• acervus
• ācrimōnia
• ācritās
• ācriter
• ācritūdō

 

Descendants

• English: acrid, acrimony, acrylic
• Esperanto: akra
• French: âcre
• Galician: agre
• Irish: aichear
• Italian: acre, agro
• Japanese: ビネガー (binegā)
• Occitan: agre
• Old French: aigre
  • French: aigre
  • Middle English: egre, eger, egyr, egir, egur, egree
    • English: eager
    • Scots: eager
    • Yola: aagar
  • Old French: vinaigre
    • French: vinaigre
    • → Middle English: vynegre, fynegre, wyne-egre, vyneger, wynyger, venegre, vinegre, wyneger, vynagre, vinagir, vineger
      • English: vinegar (see there for further descendants)
      • Scots: veenegar
    • → Middle Irish: fínégra
      • Irish: fínéagar

• Portuguese: agre, acre
• Romanian: acru
• Sicilian: àjiru
• Spanish: agre, agrio, agro
• Venetian: agro

Etymology 2

Same as Etymology 1, with reference to multi-pointed leaves.
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag "ak̂er-"

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ker/, [ˈä.kɛr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.t͡ʃer/, [ˈɑː.t͡ʃɛr]

Noun

acer n (genitive aceris); third declension

1. maple tree

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	acer	acera
Genitive	aceris	acerum
Dative	acerī	aceribus
Accusative	acer	acera
Ablative	acere	aceribus
Vocative	acer	acera

Derived terms

• acernus

Descendants

• Catalan: auró
• Esperanto: acero
• French: érable
• Italian: acero
• Portuguese: ácer
• Romanian: arțar
• Spanish: ácere, arce
• Translingual: Acer

References

• acer in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• acer in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• acer in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the pain is very severe: acer morsus doloris est (Tusc. 2. 22. 53)
    

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Old French

Etymology

See acier.

Noun

acer m (nominative singular acers)

1. Alternative form of acier

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Welsh

Etymology

From Middle English aker.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈakɛr/
  • (North Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈakar/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈakɛr/

Noun

acer f (plural aceri)

1. acre

   Synonyms: cyfair, erw

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
acer	unchanged	unchanged	hacer
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present) , “acer”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies