acharner
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French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /a.ʃaʁ.ne/
Audio: (file) - Homophones: acharnai, acharné, acharnée, acharnées, acharnés, acharnez
Verb
[edit]acharner
- (transitive) to incite; to sic [with direct object ‘someone or something, e.g. a dog’, along with après or contre or sur ‘on someone/something’]
- On avait acharné les chiens contre le taureau.
- We sicced the dogs on the bull.
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to hound, to fiercely attack [with après or contre or sur ‘someone/something’]
- 1883, Théodore de Banville, “74”, in La Lanterne magique, page 116:
- Avec l’intrépidité du désespoir, Florigny lutte contre une tête de lapin qui rira bien, parce qu’elle rira la dernière, et tandis qu’il s’acharne sur elle, un grand chien funèbre et jaune, vautré sous la table, s’acharne sur ses mollets à lui, et les dévore.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (takes a reflexive pronoun, figuratively) to slave away, to persevere [with après or contre or sur ‘at something’]
- (intransitive, takes a reflexive pronoun, figuratively) to attach oneself excessively [with à ‘to someone/something’]
- 1837, Louis Viardot, “I”, in L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche, translation of original by Miguel de Cervantes:
- Enfin, notre hidalgo s’acharna tellement à sa lecture, que ses nuits se passaient en lisant du soir au matin, et ses jours, du matin au soir.
- Finally, our hidalgo attached himself so much to his reading that his nights were spent reading from evening to morning, and his days, from morning to evening.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of s'acharner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | s'acharner | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | s'être + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | s’acharnant /sa.ʃaʁ.nɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant or étant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | acharné /a.ʃaʁ.ne/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | m’acharne /ma.ʃaʁn/ |
t’acharnes /ta.ʃaʁn/ |
s’acharne /sa.ʃaʁn/ |
nous acharnons /nu.z‿a.ʃaʁ.nɔ̃/ |
vous acharnez /vu.z‿a.ʃaʁ.ne/ |
s’acharnent /sa.ʃaʁn/ |
imperfect | m’acharnais /ma.ʃaʁ.nɛ/ |
t’acharnais /ta.ʃaʁ.nɛ/ |
s’acharnait /sa.ʃaʁ.nɛ/ |
nous acharnions /nu.z‿a.ʃaʁ.njɔ̃/ |
vous acharniez /vu.z‿a.ʃaʁ.nje/ |
s’acharnaient /sa.ʃaʁ.nɛ/ | |
past historic2 | m’acharnai /ma.ʃaʁ.ne/ |
t’acharnas /ta.ʃaʁ.na/ |
s’acharna /sa.ʃaʁ.na/ |
nous acharnâmes /nu.z‿a.ʃaʁ.nam/ |
vous acharnâtes /vu.z‿a.ʃaʁ.nat/ |
s’acharnèrent /sa.ʃaʁ.nɛʁ/ | |
future | m’acharnerai /ma.ʃaʁ.nə.ʁe/ |
t’acharneras /ta.ʃaʁ.nə.ʁa/ |
s’acharnera /sa.ʃaʁ.nə.ʁa/ |
nous acharnerons /nu.z‿a.ʃaʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/ |
vous acharnerez /vu.z‿a.ʃaʁ.nə.ʁe/ |
s’acharneront /sa.ʃaʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | m’acharnerais /ma.ʃaʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ |
t’acharnerais /ta.ʃaʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ |
s’acharnerait /sa.ʃaʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ |
nous acharnerions /nu.z‿a.ʃaʁ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
vous acharneriez /vu.z‿a.ʃaʁ.nə.ʁje/ |
s’acharneraient /sa.ʃaʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of s'être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of s'être + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of s'être + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of s'être + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | m’acharne /ma.ʃaʁn/ |
t’acharnes /ta.ʃaʁn/ |
s’acharne /sa.ʃaʁn/ |
nous acharnions /nu.z‿a.ʃaʁ.njɔ̃/ |
vous acharniez /vu.z‿a.ʃaʁ.nje/ |
s’acharnent /sa.ʃaʁn/ |
imperfect2 | m’acharnasse /ma.ʃaʁ.nas/ |
t’acharnasses /ta.ʃaʁ.nas/ |
s’acharnât /sa.ʃaʁ.na/ |
nous acharnassions /nu.z‿a.ʃaʁ.na.sjɔ̃/ |
vous acharnassiez /vu.z‿a.ʃaʁ.na.sje/ |
s’acharnassent /sa.ʃaʁ.nas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of s'être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | acharne-toi /a.ʃaʁn.twa/ |
— | acharnons-nous /a.ʃaʁ.nɔ̃.nu/ |
acharnez-vous /a.ʃaʁ.ne.vu/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Descendants
[edit]- ⇒ German: acharniert
Further reading
[edit]- “acharner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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