alam

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See also: alām, alam-, and āläm

Estonian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Ultimately derived from ala (area).

Noun[edit]

alam (genitive alama, partitive alama)

  1. inferior, something or someone that is of a lower standing

Inflection[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Hiligaynon[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Malay alam, from Arabic عَالَم(ʕālam).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: a‧lam
  • IPA(key): /ˈʔalam/, [ˈʔa.lam]

Noun[edit]

álam

  1. knowledge, learning

Derived terms[edit]

Indonesian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Malay alam, from Classical Malay عالم(alam), from Arabic عَالَم(ʕālam).[1]

Noun[edit]

alam (first-person possessive alamku, second-person possessive alammu, third-person possessive alamnya)

  1. universe: the sum of everything that exists in the cosmos, including time and space itself.
  2. nature: the natural world; that which consists of all things unaffected by or predating human technology, production, and design.
  3. world
    Synonym: dunia
  4. realm: a territory or state, as ruled by a specific power, especially by a king.
    Synonyms: daerah, kerajaan, negeri
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Arabic عَلَم(ʕalam, flag, banner; authority, distinguished man).[2]

Noun[edit]

alam

  1. banner, standard
    Synonyms: bendera, panji
  2. an official of religious affairs in Banten and Madura
Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Erwina Burhanuddin; Abdul Gaffar Ruskhan; R.B. Chrismanto (1993) Penelitian kosakata bahasa Arab dalam bahasa Indonesia [Research on Arabic vocabulary in Indonesian]‎[1], Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, →OCLC
  2. ^ Erwina Burhanuddin; Abdul Gaffar Ruskhan; R.B. Chrismanto (1993) Penelitian kosakata bahasa Arab dalam bahasa Indonesia [Research on Arabic vocabulary in Indonesian]‎[2], Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, →OCLC

Further reading[edit]

Kavalan[edit]

Noun[edit]

alam

  1. bird

Lacandon[edit]

Adverb[edit]

alam

  1. down

Latin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ālam f

  1. accusative singular of āla

Verb[edit]

alam

  1. inflection of alō:
    1. first-person singular future active indicative
    2. first-person singular present active subjunctive

Malay[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic عَالَم(ʕālam).

Pronunciation[edit]

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Noun[edit]

alam (Jawi spelling عالم‎, plural alam-alam, informal 1st possessive alamku, 2nd possessive alammu, 3rd possessive alamnya)

  1. realm, world
  2. field (of interest)
  3. (biology, taxonomy) kingdom: A rank in the classification of organisms, below domain and above phylum; a taxon at that rank (e.g. the plant kingdom, the animal kingdom).
    Synonym: kerajaan (Indonesian)

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Indonesian: alam

Further reading[edit]

Portuguese[edit]

Verb[edit]

alam

  1. third-person plural present indicative of alar

Tagalog[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Compare Bikol Central aram. See also Malay alam.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: a‧lam
  • IPA(key): /ʔaˈlam/, [ʔɐˈlam]
  • IPA(key): /ˈʔalam/, [ˈʔa.lɐm] (now uncommon)
  • Rhymes: -alam

Noun[edit]

alám or alam (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔)

  1. knowledge; learning; wisdom
    Synonyms: talino, dunong
  2. understanding; sense
    Synonym: unawa
  3. involvement; participation
  4. (obsolete) goodwill; kindheartedness
    Synonyms: bait, mabuting-loob
    Malaking lubha ang alam ng loob mo.
    The kindness of your heart is too great.
  5. (obsolete) gentleness; meekness
    Synonym: amo
  6. (obsolete) affability

Adjective[edit]

alám (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔)

  1. known; familiar
    Synonyms: batid, lantad
  2. aware; conscious; cognizant; sensible
    Synonyms: batid, tukoy
  3. clear; understood
    Synonym: maliwanag
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: a‧lam
  • IPA(key): /ˈʔalam/, [ˈʔa.lɐm]
  • Rhymes: -alam

Noun[edit]

alam (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔)

  1. (obsolete) notification or request asking permission to go
Usage notes[edit]
  • Now only used in derived terms
Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • alam”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2018
  • Noceda, Fr. Juan José de; Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves[3] (in Spanish & Tagalog), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
  • San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613), Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero[4], La Noble Villa de Pila
    • page 27: “Afabilidad) Alam (pp) y buena cõdiciõ”
    • page 96: “Auiſar) Alam (pc) haçiendo ſaver algo a alguno”
    • page 108: “Benignidad) Alam (pp) de coraçon”
    • page 108: “Benigno) Alam (pp) y manſo de coraçon”
    • page 110: “Bienacondicionado) Alam (pp) benigno y manſo”
    • page 124: “Buena condiçion) Alam (pp) y afable”
    • page 180: “Condiçion) Alam (pp) buena”
    • page 183: “Consorte) Alam (pp) en lo que hiço alguno, caalam, el tal conſorte”
    • page 214: “Dar) Alam [(pp)] licençia al que la pide”
    • page 244: “Deſpedirſe) Alam (pp) pidiendo licençia”
    • page 389: “Liçençia) Alam (pp) [pedir a] alguno para irſe”
    • page 406: “Manſedumbre) Alam (pp) interior y exterior”
    • page 406: “Manſo) Alam (pp) que de nada ſe altera”
    • page 444: “Noble) Alam (pp) de condiçion y bondad”
    • page 446: “Noſe) Alam (pp) loque [ſe me] pregunta”
    • page 472: “Pedir) Alam (pp) liçençia para irſe”
    • page 538: “Saber) Alam (pp) alguna coſa”
    • page 538: “Sabiduria) Alam [(pp)]”
    • page 602: “Voluntad) Alam (pp) buena”

Ternate[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Ultimately from Arabic عَالَم(ʕālam).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

alam

  1. world, universe

References[edit]

  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tok Pisin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English alarm.

Noun[edit]

alam

  1. alarm