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arbor

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Arbor and árbor

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English arbour, erbour, from Old French erbier (“field, meadow, kitchen garden”), from erbe (“grass, herb”), from Latin herba (“grass, herb”) (English herb). (Compare Late Latin herbārium, although erbier is possibly an independent formation.) The spelling was influenced by Latin arbor (“tree”).

Alternative forms

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Noun

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arbor (plural arbors or arbores)

  1. A shady sitting place or pergola usually in a park or garden, surrounded by climbing shrubs, vines or other vegetation.
  2. A grove of trees.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from French arbre (“tree, axis”), spelling influenced by Latin arbor (“tree”).

Noun

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arbor (plural arbors or arbores)

  1. An axis or shaft supporting a rotating part on a lathe.
  2. A bar for supporting cutting tools.
  3. A spindle of a wheel.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Anagrams

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Indonesian

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Etymology

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From English arbor, from Middle English arbour, erbour, from Old French erbier (“field, meadow, kitchen garden”), from erbe (“grass, herb”), from Latin herba (“grass, herb”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈarbɔr/
  • Hyphenation: ar‧bor

Noun

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arbor (plural arbor-arbor)

  1. arbor (a shady sitting place or pergola usually in a park or garden, surrounded by climbing shrubs, vines or other vegetation)

Further reading

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Latin

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arbor (a tree)

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    By rhotacism from Old Latin arbōs, from Proto-Italic *arðōs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (“high; to grow”), meaning "high upright plant". Cognate with arduus (“high”).[1]

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    arbor f (genitive arboris); third declension

    1. a tree
      • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 10:
        Interea genitor Tiberini ad fluminis undam / uulnera siccabat lymphis corpusque leuabat / arboris acclinis trunco
        Meantime, his father at Tiber's flowing stream bathed his wounds in the clear water and his body leant against the trunk of a tree.
      felix arbor ― a fruit-bearing tree
      arbores serere ― to plant trees
      (specifically with the genitive of the species) arbor alni ― an alder tree
      arbores ficorum ― fig trees
    2. (metonymic) something made from a tree, of wood
      arbore mali ― the mast (of a ship)
      Synonym: mālus
      centenaque arbore fluctum verberat adsurgens ― an oar
      Pelias arbor ― Pelias's ship, the ship Argo
      Synonyms: iaculum, pīlum
      (euphemistic) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
      arbor infelix ― a gallows, gibbet
    3. (metonymic) the polypus (imagined to have arms like the branches of a tree)

    Declension

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    Third-declension noun.

    singular plural
    nominative arbor arborēs
    genitive arboris arborum
    dative arborī arboribus
    accusative arborem arborēs
    ablative arbore arboribus
    vocative arbor arborēs
    • A poetic nominative arbōs is often found. Sextus Pompeius Festus documents archaic (Old Latin) variants arbosem, arboses.
    • The form arborī is commonly assumed to be a locative in the following legal formulas describing crucifixion: "infelici arbori reste suspendito" (Livy, Ab Urbe Condita 1.26.6), "arbori infelici suspendito" (Cicero, Pro Rabirio Perduellionis Reo 13.13). However, Bennett 1914 argues this should be interpreted instead as a dative of indirect object.[2]

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    References

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    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 50
    2. ^ Bennett, Charles E. (1914), Syntax of Early Latin, page 116

    Further reading

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    • AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 533: “un albero” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
    • Buchi, Éva; Schweickard, Wolfgang (2008–), “*/ˈarbor-e/”, in Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman, Nancy: Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française.
    • “arbor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “arbor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • "arbor", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
    • “arbor”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • the vegetable kingdom: arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33)
      • the trees are coming into leaf: arbores frondescunt
      • to plant trees: arbores serere (De Sen. 7. 24)
      • to fell trees: arbores caedere

    Old Irish

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    Etymology

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      From Proto-Celtic *arwar, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-.[1]

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ˈaɾ.βuɾ/
        • (Blasse) [ˈaɾ.βuɾ]
        • (Griffith) [ˈaɾ.βøɾ]

      Noun

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      arbor n (genitive arbae, nominative plural arbann)

      1. grain
      2. (in the plural) crops

      Inflection

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      Neuter n-stem
      singular dual plural
      nominative arborN — arbanL
      vocative arborN — arbanL
      accusative arborN — arbanL
      genitive arbae — arbanN
      dative arbaimL — arbanaib
      Initial mutations of a following adjective:
      • H = triggers aspiration
      • L = triggers lenition
      • N = triggers nasalization

      Descendants

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      Mutation

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      Mutation of arbor
      radical lenition nasalization
      arbor
      (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)      		 arbor n-arbor

      Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
      All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

      References

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      1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*arawar / *arawen-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 40

      Old Spanish

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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      Inherited from Latin arborem.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ˈaɾboɾ/, /ˈaɾbol/

      Noun

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      arbor m (plural arbores)

      1. tree
        • c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1v. b.:
          ally delãt ebrõ. es mõt mãbre. e ouo y grãt arbor. e fue enzina. ala rayz daq̃l arbor estaua abraã.
          [Allí delant Ebron, es mont Mambre, e ovo ý grant arbor, e fue enzina. A la raiz d'aquel arbor estava Abraam.]
          There, past Hebron, is the hill Mamre, where there was a great oak tree. Abraham was [sitting] on the root of that tree.
        • c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 42v. b.:
          e crebantaredes todas cibdades en caſtelladas entodos los arbores fermoſos todas las fontanas del agua cerraredes. entodas las buenas señas abatredes […]
          And you shall defeat all cities and fortified towns, and fell all the good trees, and seal all the springs of water and ruin all the good pieces of land.

      Descendants

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      Romanian

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      Noun

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      arbor m (plural arbori)

      1. alternative form of arbore

      Tagalog

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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      Backslang of Spanish robar (“to rob; to steal”).

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      arbor (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜊᜓᜇ᜔) (slang, back slang)

      1. act of claiming something to be of one's possession; dibs
        Synonyms: angkin, kuha, kikil, (colloquial) tibs
        May mga inumin sa mesa. Arbor ko na yung tsokolate.
        There are food on the table. I call dibs on the chocolate.
        Gusto ko ang pantalon mo ah! Pa-arbor naman niyan!
        I like your pants! Let me own that!
      2. (by extension) act of borrowing
        Synonym: hiram

      Derived terms

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      See also

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      Further reading

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      • Zorc, R. David; San Miguel, Rachel (1993), Tagalog Slang Dictionary‎[2], Manila: De La Salle University Press, →ISBN
      Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=arbor&oldid=90419748"