arguo

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ-

Proto-Indo-European *-us

Proto-Indo-European *h₂érǵus

Proto-Italic *argusder.?

Latin arguō

Often taken to be a denominative verb from Proto-Italic *argus (“bright”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *h₂érǵ-u-s (“white”), from *h₂erǵ-. Thus cognate with Ancient Greek ἄργυρος (árguros) and Hittite 𒄯𒆠𒅖 (ḫarkiš, “bright, white”). If so, compare English declare (literally “to make clear”) for the sense development.

Duchesne-Guillemin, Laroche and Melchert reject the above etymology and instead compare arguō with the semantically better-fitting Hittite [script needed] (arkuwā(i)-, “state one's case, make a plea”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈar.ɡu.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈar.ɡu.o]

Verb

arguō (present infinitive arguere, perfect active arguī, supine argūtum); third conjugation

1. (to make clear to the mind): to clarify, to make plain; to assert, declare, prove, show

   Synonyms: affirmō, firmō, contendō, aiō, fīgō

2. to reprove, accuse, charge with

   Synonyms: accūsō, condemnō, crīminor, compellō, obloquor, obiectō, corripiō, arripiō, pulsō, incūsō, arcessō

   • Vulgate; Prōverbia, 9:8

     Nōlī arguere dērīsōrem nē ōderit tē argue sapientem et dīliget tē.

     Translation from American Standard Version:

     Reprove not a scoffer, lest he hate thee: Reprove a wise man, and he will love thee.

3. to blame, censure

   Synonyms: obiūrgō, castīgō, perstringō, īnsector, corripiō, exprobrō, accūsō, incūsō, damnō, obloquor, acclāmō, inclāmō, increpō, animadvertō, reprehendō, compellō

4. to denounce as false
5. to argue, to allege; to disclose; to complain of, convict

Conjugation

   Conjugation of arguō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	arguō		arguis		arguit		arguimus		arguitis		arguunt
	imperfect	arguēbam		arguēbās		arguēbat		arguēbāmus		arguēbātis		arguēbant
	future	arguam		arguēs		arguet		arguēmus		arguētis		arguent
	perfect	arguī		arguistī		arguit		arguimus		arguistis		arguērunt, arguēre
	pluperfect	argueram		arguerās		arguerat		arguerāmus		arguerātis		arguerant
	future perfect	arguerō		argueris		arguerit		arguerimus		argueritis		arguerint
passive	present	arguor		argueris, arguere		arguitur		arguimur		arguiminī		arguuntur
	imperfect	arguēbar		arguēbāris, arguēbāre		arguēbātur		arguēbāmur		arguēbāminī		arguēbantur
	future	arguar		arguēris, arguēre		arguētur		arguēmur		arguēminī		arguentur
	perfect	argūtus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	argūtus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	argūtus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	arguam		arguās		arguat		arguāmus		arguātis		arguant
	imperfect	arguerem		arguerēs		argueret		arguerēmus		arguerētis		arguerent
	perfect	arguerim		arguerīs		arguerit		arguerīmus		arguerītis		arguerint
	pluperfect	arguissem		arguissēs		arguisset		arguissēmus		arguissētis		arguissent
passive	present	arguar		arguāris, arguāre		arguātur		arguāmur		arguāminī		arguantur
	imperfect	arguerer		arguerēris, arguerēre		arguerētur		arguerēmur		arguerēminī		arguerentur
	perfect	argūtus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	argūtus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		argue		—		—		arguite		—
	future	—		arguitō		arguitō		—		arguitōte		arguuntō
passive	present	—		arguere		—		—		arguiminī		—
	future	—		arguitor		arguitor		—		—		arguuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		arguere			arguī			arguēns			—
future		argūtūrum esse			argūtum īrī			argūtūrus			arguendus
perfect		arguisse			argūtum esse			—			argūtus
future perfect		—			argūtum fore			—			—
perfect potential		argūtūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		arguendī		arguendō		arguendum		arguendō		argūtum		argūtū

Derived terms

• argūmentātiō
• argūmentātor
• argūmentor
• argūmentum
• argūtum
• argūtus
• coarguō
• redarguō

Descendants

• Catalan: argüir
• English: argue
• French: arguer
• Galician: argüír
• Italian: arguire
• Portuguese: arguir
• Spanish: argüir

References

• “arguo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “arguo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “arguo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Portuguese

Verb

arguo

1. first-person singular present indicative of arguir