bruise
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English
[edit]
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle English bruisen, brusen, brosen, brisen, bresen, from a merger two words, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to break”):
- Old English brȳsan, brīesan (“to bruise; crush”), from Proto-Germanic *brausijaną, *brūsijaną (“to break; crumble; crack”). Provided the word's sense.
- Anglo-Norman bruiser, bruser (“to break, smash, shatter”), from Gaulish *brus-, from Proto-Celtic *bruseti (“to break”). Provided the word's form.
Cognate with Scots brizz, German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”), Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”), Dutch broos (“brittle”), German Brosame (“crumb”), dialectal Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”), Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”), Old Church Slavonic бръснути (brŭsnuti, “to rake”), Albanian breshër (“hail”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]bruise (third-person singular simple present bruises, present participle bruising, simple past and past participle bruised)
- (transitive) To strike (a person), originally with something flat or heavy, but now specifically in such a way as to discolour the skin without breaking it.
- (transitive) To damage the skin of (fruit or vegetables), in an analogous way.
- (intransitive) Of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises through being handled roughly.
- Bananas bruise easily.
- (intransitive) To become bruised.
- I bruise easily.
- (intransitive) To fight with the fists; to box.
- 1854, Arthur Pendennis [pseudonym; William Makepeace Thackeray], The Newcomes: Memoirs of a Most Respectable Family, volumes (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], →OCLC:
- Bruising was considered a fine, manly, old English custom.
- (transitive, figurative) To harm or injure somebody's feelings or self-esteem.
- Her thoughtless remarks bruised my ego.
- I was bruised by such wanton criticism.
- (transitive) To impair (gin) by shaking rather than stirring.
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]strike (a person), giving them a bruise
|
cause fruit or vegetables to bruise
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of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises
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to get bruised
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Noun
[edit]bruise (plural bruises)
- A purplish mark on the skin due to leakage of blood from capillaries under the surface that have been damaged by a blow.
- A dark mark on fruit or vegetables caused by a blow to the surface.
Synonyms
[edit]- (medical): contusion (technical term), ecchymosis (differentiated in some terminologies)
- See also Thesaurus:injury
Hypernyms
[edit]Hyponyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]medical: mark on the skin
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mark on fruit or vegetable
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Anagrams
[edit]Dutch
[edit]Verb
[edit]bruise
Irish
[edit]Noun
[edit]bruise f sg
Mutation
[edit]| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| bruise | bhruise | mbruise |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
[edit]- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bruise”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Categories:
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrews-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Anglo-Norman
- English terms derived from Gaulish
- English terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English terms with homophones
- Rhymes:English/uːz
- Rhymes:English/uːz/1 syllable
- English lemmas
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English intransitive verbs
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Injuries
- English ergative verbs
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch verb forms
- Irish non-lemma forms
- Irish noun forms