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claudo

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Latin

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Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Italic *klaudō, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u-de-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- (“key, hook, nail”).

    Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείω (kleíō), κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), Russian заключи́ть (zaključítʹ) (via ключ (ključ)), Old High German sliozan (“to close, conclude, lock”), Old Saxon slūtan (“to close, conclude, lock”).

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    claudō (present infinitive claudere, perfect active clausī, supine clausum); third conjugation

    1. to shut up, close, lock
      Synonyms: retineō, intersaepiō, interclūdō, inclūdō, operiō, premō, obserō
      Antonyms: adaperiō, aperiō, patefaciō
      Ōra formīdō mūta claudit.
      The fear closes the mouths mute.
      • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.232–233:
        “quid Trōēs potuēre, quibus, tot fūnera passīs,
        cūnctus ob Ītaliam terrārum clauditur orbis?”
        “What have the Trojans done, for whom, having suffered so many losses, the whole circle of the lands has been closed. [And all] for the sake of Italy.”
        (Venus, speaking to Jupiter, laments the plight of the Trojans as they wander the Mediterranean shores.)
    2. to imprison, confine
      Synonyms: comprehendo, retineo, intersaepio, includo, intercludo, arceo, impedio, urgeō, coërceō, prohibeo
    3. to encompass, surround
      Synonyms: complector, amplector, stīpō, circumdō, circumveniō
    4. to besiege, blockade
      Synonyms: circumveniō, circumeō, circumsistō, circumdō, obsideō, assideō, circumsaepiō, saepiō, obstruō
    5. to limit, restrict
      Synonyms: delīmitō, līmitō, inclūdō, fīniō, coërceō, minuō, moderor
    6. to terminate, finish, complete
      Synonyms: perficiō, dēfungor, cōnficiō, agō, cumulō, absolvō, nāvō, perpetrō, inclūdō, expleō, fungor, efficiō, patrō, conclūdō, condō, peragō, trānsigō, exsequor, gerō, impleō, exhauriō
    Conjugation
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       Conjugation of claudō (third conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present claudō claudis claudit claudimus clauditis claudunt
    imperfect claudēbam claudēbās claudēbat claudēbāmus claudēbātis claudēbant
    future claudam claudēs claudet claudēmus claudētis claudent
    perfect clausī clausistī clausit clausimus clausistis clausērunt,
    clausēre
    pluperfect clauseram clauserās clauserat clauserāmus clauserātis clauserant
    future perfect clauserō clauseris clauserit clauserimus clauseritis clauserint
    passive present claudor clauderis,
    claudere     		clauditur claudimur claudiminī clauduntur
    imperfect claudēbar claudēbāris,
    claudēbāre     		claudēbātur claudēbāmur claudēbāminī claudēbantur
    future claudar claudēris,
    claudēre     		claudētur claudēmur claudēminī claudentur
    perfect clausus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect clausus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect clausus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present claudam claudās claudat claudāmus claudātis claudant
    imperfect clauderem clauderēs clauderet clauderēmus clauderētis clauderent
    perfect clauserim clauserīs clauserit clauserīmus clauserītis clauserint
    pluperfect clausissem clausissēs clausisset clausissēmus clausissētis clausissent
    passive present claudar claudāris,
    claudāre     		claudātur claudāmur claudāminī claudantur
    imperfect clauderer clauderēris,
    clauderēre     		clauderētur clauderēmur clauderēminī clauderentur
    perfect clausus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect clausus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — claude — — claudite —
    future — clauditō clauditō — clauditōte clauduntō
    passive present — claudere — — claudiminī —
    future — clauditor clauditor — — clauduntor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present claudere claudī claudēns —
    future clausūrum esse clausum īrī clausūrus claudendus,
    claudundus
    perfect clausisse clausum esse — clausus
    future perfect — clausum fore — —
    perfect potential clausūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    claudendī claudendō claudendum claudendō clausum clausū
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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      • English: close
    • Gallo-Romance:
      • Northern:
        • Franco-Provençal: cllôre
        • Old French: clore (see there for further descendants)
      • Southern:
    • Ibero-Romance:
    • Insular Romance:

    Reflexes of the variant clūdere:

    Etymology 2

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    Verb

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    claudō (present infinitive claudere, supine clausum); third conjugation, no perfect stem

    2. alternative form of claudeō (“limp”)
    Conjugation
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       Conjugation of claudō (third conjugation, no perfect stem)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present claudō claudis claudit claudimus clauditis claudunt
    imperfect claudēbam claudēbās claudēbat claudēbāmus claudēbātis claudēbant
    future claudam claudēs claudet claudēmus claudētis claudent
    passive present claudor clauderis,
    claudere     		clauditur claudimur claudiminī clauduntur
    imperfect claudēbar claudēbāris,
    claudēbāre     		claudēbātur claudēbāmur claudēbāminī claudēbantur
    future claudar claudēris,
    claudēre     		claudētur claudēmur claudēminī claudentur
    perfect clausus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect clausus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect clausus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present claudam claudās claudat claudāmus claudātis claudant
    imperfect clauderem clauderēs clauderet clauderēmus clauderētis clauderent
    passive present claudar claudāris,
    claudāre     		claudātur claudāmur claudāminī claudantur
    imperfect clauderer clauderēris,
    clauderēre     		clauderētur clauderēmur clauderēminī clauderentur
    perfect clausus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect clausus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — claude — — claudite —
    future — clauditō clauditō — clauditōte clauduntō
    passive present — claudere — — claudiminī —
    future — clauditor clauditor — — clauduntor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present claudere claudī claudēns —
    future clausūrum esse clausum īrī clausūrus claudendus,
    claudundus
    perfect — clausum esse — clausus
    future perfect — clausum fore — —
    perfect potential clausūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    claudendī claudendō claudendum claudendō clausum clausū

    Adjective

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    claudō

    1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of claudus

    References

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    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • (ambiguous) to turn a deaf ear to, to open one's ears to..: aures claudere, patefacere (e.g. veritati, assentatoribus)
      • (ambiguous) to open, shut the door: ostium, fores aperire, claudere
      • (ambiguous) to bring up the rear: agmen claudere, cogere
      • (ambiguous) to besiege a city: oppidum obsidione claudere
    • “claudo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “claudo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • claudo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
    • “claudo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “claudĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 750
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