clavicula

See also: Clavicula and clavícula

English

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin clāvicula (“the collarbone”), diminutive of clāvis (“a key”).

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /kləˈvɪk.jəl.ə/, /klæˈvɪk.jəl.ə/
• Rhymes: -ɪkjʊlə

Noun

clavicula (plural claviculae or (archaic) claviculæ)

1. (anatomy) Alternative form of clavicle.

Related terms

• clavicular
• claviculate

References

• “clavicula”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

Latin

Etymology

From clāvis (“a key”) +‎ -cula (diminutive nominal suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [kɫaːˈwɪ.kʊ.ɫa]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [klaˈviː.ku.la]

Noun

clāvicula f (genitive clāviculae); first declension

1. diminutive of clāvis (“key”)
   • Germanicus Caesar, Aratea 198, (authorship disputed):

     Quālīs ferrātōs sŭbĭcit clāvīcŭlă dentes, / Succutit et foribus praeducti vincula claustri, / Talis disposita est stellis.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (botany) the tendril of a vine

   Iam vērō vītēs sīc clāviculīs adminicula tamquam manibus adprehendunt atque ita sē ērigunt ut animantēs.

   The vines we see take hold on props with their tendrils, as if with hands, and raise themselves as if they were animated.

3. a bar or bolt of a door
4. a pivot
5. (New Latin, anatomy) the clavicle, collar bone

Inflection

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	clāvicula	clāviculae
genitive	clāviculae	clāviculārum
dative	clāviculae	clāviculīs
accusative	clāviculam	clāviculās
ablative	clāviculā	clāviculīs
vocative	clāvicula	clāviculae

Derived terms

• clāviculārius

Related terms

• clāvicārius
• clāviger

Descendants

• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: cavicchia, cavicchio
    • → Friulian: cavicje, cavicj
  • Sicilian: cavicchia, cavigghia
• Padanian:
  • Emilian: cavicc, cavecc, cavigia, cavìa
  • Friulian: cjavile
  • Ligurian: caviggia
  • Lombard: caecc, cavecc, cavicc
  • Piedmontese: cavija, cavìa, cavij, cavuj, cavagia, cavicc
  • Romagnol: cavèja
  • Romansch: tganveala
  • Venetan: caécia, caìcia, caùcia, caùcio
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: chevelye, chevlye, chvely, stevelye
  • Old French: cheville, kevile (Northern)
    • French: cheville
    • Norman: g'vil'ye, gvil (Sark), quevîle (continental)
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: clavilla
  • Old Occitan: cavilla
    • Occitan: cavilha, calhiva
      • Nord-Occitan chavilha
    • → Italian: caviglia
    • → Portuguese: cavilha
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: chavella
    • Galician: chavella
    • Portuguese: chavelha → cravelha (semi-learned)
  • Spanish: llavija, lavija, → clavija (semi-learned)
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: cabija, cabiga, crabiga, crapica, cabígia, cabíciu, carícia, chelvija, chelfija
• Borrowings:
  • → Catalan: clavícula
  • → English: clavicula
  • → Friulian: clavìcule
  • → Galician: clavícula
  • → Italian: clavicola
  • → Middle French: clavicule
    • French: clavicule
    • → English: clavicle
  • → Portuguese: clavícula
  • → Romanian: claviculă
  • → Spanish: clavícula

References

• “clavicula”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “clavicula”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “clavicula”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.