cognatus

English

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin cognatus (“kinsman”). Doublet of cognate and connate.

Noun

cognatus (plural cognati)

1. (Ancient Rome, law) A blood relative

Related terms

• cognate
• cognation

References

• “cognatus”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm

Proto-Italic *kom

Proto-Italic *kom-

Latin con-

Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-

Proto-Indo-European *-tós

Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós

Proto-Italic *gnātos

Latin gnātus

Latin (g)nātus

Latin cognātus

From con- (“together”) + (g)nātus (“born”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [kɔŋˈnaː.tʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [koɲˈɲaː.tus]

Adjective

cognātus (feminine cognāta, neuter cognātum); first/second-declension adjective

1. related by blood, kindred

   Synonym: cōnsanguineus

   • 4th century, St Jerome, Vulgate, Tobit 2:15

     nam sicut beato Iob insultabant reges ita isti parentes et cognati eius et inridebant vitam eius dicentes (For as the kings insulted over holy Job: so his relations and kinsmen mocked at his life, saying:)

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. brother or sister; sibling
3. (figuratively) related, connected, like, similar

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	cognātus	cognāta	cognātum		cognātī	cognātae	cognāta
genitive	cognātī	cognātae	cognātī		cognātōrum	cognātārum	cognātōrum
dative	cognātō	cognātae	cognātō		cognātīs
accusative	cognātum	cognātam	cognātum		cognātōs	cognātās	cognāta
ablative	cognātō	cognātā	cognātō		cognātīs
vocative	cognāte	cognāta	cognātum		cognātī	cognātae	cognāta

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: cumnat
  • Istro-Romanian: cumnåt
  • Megleno-Romanian: cumnat
  • Romanian: cumnat
• Dalmatian:
  • comnut
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: cognato
  • Sicilian: cugnatu
• North Italian:
  • Emilian: cugnà, cugnè, cugnèt
  • Friulian: cugnât
  • Ligurian: cugnòu, cugnàu, cugnâ
  • Lombard: cugnat
  • Piedmontese: cugnà
  • Romagnol: cugnèt
  • Venetan: cugnà, cugnado, cognà, cognado
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: cugnâ (Valdôtain)
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Catalan: cunyat
  • Occitan: cunhat, conhat
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: cunyau, cunyato (central Pyrenean)
  • Asturian: cuñáu
  • Galician: cuñado
  • Portuguese: cunhado
  • Spanish: cuñado
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: connadu, connatu, connau
• Ancient borrowings:
  • → Albanian: kunat
• Learned borrowings:
  • → Catalan: cognat
  • → English: cognate
  • → Esperanto: kognato
  • → French: cognat
  • → Galician: cognado
  • → Greek: κουνιάδος (kouniádos)
  • → Portuguese: cognato
  • → Romanian: cognat
  • → Spanish: cognado

Noun

cognātus m (genitive cognātī, feminine cognāta); second declension

1. a male blood relation, blood relative, kinsman
   • 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 926–927:

     CRĪTŌ: Tum, is mihi cognātus fuit / quī eum recēpit.

     CRITO: [After the shipwreck], [the man] who took him in was a relative of mine.

2. (in the plural) a blood relative of any sex

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	cognātus	cognātī
genitive	cognātī	cognātōrum
dative	cognātō	cognātīs
accusative	cognātum	cognātōs
ablative	cognātō	cognātīs
vocative	cognāte	cognātī

Related terms

• agnātus

References

• “cognatus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “cognatus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "cognatus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “cognatus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.