comerciar

Asturian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm

Proto-Italic *kom

Proto-Italic *kom-

Latin con-

Proto-Italic *merks

Latin merx

Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós

Proto-Italic *-ijos

Proto-Italic *-ios

Old Latin -ios

Latin -iusnom.

Latin -ium

Latin commercium

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -or

Late Latin commerciārībor.

Asturian comerciar

Borrowed from Late Latin commerciārī. By surface analysis, comerciu + -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /komeɾˈθjaɾ/ [ko.meɾˈθjaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: co‧mer‧ciar

Verb

comerciar (first-person singular indicative present comercio, past participle comerciáu)

1. to deal, to trade; to do business

Conjugation

Conjugation of comerciar

infinitive		comerciar
gerund		comerciando
past participle		m comerciáu, f comerciada, n comerciao, m pl comerciaos, f pl comerciaes
person		first singular yo	second singular tu	third singular él/elli	first plural nosotros/nós	second plural vosotros/vós	third plural ellos
indicative	present	comercio	comercies	comercia	comerciamos	comerciáis	comercien
	imperfect	comerciaba	comerciabes	comerciaba	comerciábemos, comerciábamos	comerciabeis, comerciabais	comerciaben
	preterite	comercié	comerciasti, comerciesti	comerció	comerciemos	comerciastis, comerciestis	comerciaron
	pluperfect	comerciare, comerciara	comerciares, comerciaras	comerciare, comerciara	comerciáremos, comerciáramos	comerciareis, comerciarais	comerciaren, comerciaran
	future	comerciaré	comerciarás	comerciará	comerciaremos	comerciaréis	comerciarán
	conditional	comerciaría	comerciaríes	comerciaría	comerciaríemos, comerciaríamos	comerciaríeis, comerciaríais	comerciaríen
subjunctive	present	comercie	comercies, comercias	comercie	comerciemos	comerciéis	comercien, comercian
	imperfect	comerciare, comerciara	comerciares, comerciaras	comerciare, comerciara	comerciáremos, comerciáramos	comerciareis, comerciarais	comerciaren, comerciaran
imperative		—	comercia	—	—	comerciái	—

Further reading

• “comerciar”, in Diccionariu de la llingua asturiana [Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Asturian), 1st edition, Academy of the Asturian Language [Asturian: Academia de la Llingua Asturiana], 2000, →ISBN

Catalan

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm

Proto-Italic *kom

Proto-Italic *kom-

Latin con-

Proto-Italic *merks

Latin merx

Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós

Proto-Italic *-ijos

Proto-Italic *-ios

Old Latin -ios

Latin -iusnom.

Latin -ium

Latin commercium

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -or

Late Latin commerciārībor.

Catalan comerciar

Borrowed from Late Latin commerciārī. First attested in 1803.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Central) [ku.mər.siˈa]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ko.mər.siˈa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ko.meɾ.siˈaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [ko.mer.siˈa]

Verb

comerciar (first-person singular present comercio, first-person singular preterite comercií, past participle comerciat)

1. (intransitive) to deal, to trade; to do business

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of comerciar (first conjugation)

infinitive			comerciar
gerund			comerciant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		comerciat		comerciada
		plural		comerciats		comerciades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	comercio	comercies	comercia	comerciem	comercieu	comercien
	imperfect	comerciava	comerciaves	comerciava	comerciàvem	comerciàveu	comerciaven
	future	comerciaré	comerciaràs	comerciarà	comerciarem	comerciareu	comerciaran
	preterite	comercií	comerciares	comercià	comerciàrem	comerciàreu	comerciaren
	conditional	comerciaria	comerciaries	comerciaria	comerciaríem	comerciaríeu	comerciarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	comerciï	comerciïs	comerciï	comerciem	comercieu	comerciïn
	imperfect	comerciés	comerciessis	comerciés	comerciéssim	comerciéssiu	comerciessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	comercia	comerciï	comerciem	comercieu	comerciïn
	negative (no)	—	no comerciïs	no comerciï	no comerciem	no comercieu	no comerciïn

Derived terms

• comerciable
• comerciant

Related terms

• comerç
• comercialitzar

Further reading

• “comerciar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “comerciar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “comerciar”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Galician

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm

Proto-Italic *kom

Proto-Italic *kom-

Latin con-

Proto-Italic *merks

Latin merx

Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós

Proto-Italic *-ijos

Proto-Italic *-ios

Old Latin -ios

Latin -iusnom.

Latin -ium

Latin commercium

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -or

Late Latin commerciārībor.

Galician comerciar

Borrowed from Late Latin commerciārī. By surface analysis, comercio + -ar.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /komeɾˈθjaɾ/ [ko.meɾˈθjaɾ]

• IPA^(key): (standard) /komeɾˈθjaɾ/ [ko.meɾˈθjaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (seseo) /komeɾˈsjaɾ/ [ko.meɾˈsjaɾ]

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Hyphenation: co‧mer‧ciar

Verb

comerciar (first-person singular present comercio, first-person singular preterite comerciei, past participle comerciado)

1. (intransitive) to deal, to trade; to do business [with con ‘with someone’ and en ‘in something’]

Conjugation

    Conjugation of comerciar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	comerciar
Personal	comerciar	comerciares	comerciar	comerciarmos	comerciardes	comerciaren
Gerund
	comerciando
Past participle
Masculine	comerciado			comerciados
Feminine	comerciada			comerciadas
Indicative
Present	comercio	comercias	comercia	comerciamos	comerciades	comercian
Imperfect	comerciaba	comerciabas	comerciaba	comerciabamos	comerciabades	comerciaban
Preterite	comerciei	comerciaches	comerciou	comerciamos	comerciastes	comerciaron
Pluperfect	comerciara	comerciaras	comerciara	comerciaramos	comerciarades	comerciaran
Future	comerciarei	comerciarás	comerciará	comerciaremos	comerciaredes	comerciarán
Conditional	comerciaría	comerciarías	comerciaría	comerciariamos	comerciariades	comerciarían
Subjunctive
Present	comercie	comercies	comercie	comerciemos	comerciedes	comercien
Imperfect	comerciase	comerciases	comerciase	comerciásemos	comerciásedes	comerciasen
Future	comerciar	comerciares	comerciar	comerciarmos	comerciardes	comerciaren
Imperative
Affirmative		comercia	comercie	comerciemos	comerciade	comercien
Negative (non)		non comercies	non comercie	non comerciemos	non comerciedes	non comercien

    Reintegrated conjugation of comerciar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	comerciar
Personal	comerciar	comerciares	comerciar	comerciarmos	comerciardes	comerciarem
Gerund
	comerciando
Past participle
Masculine	comerciado			comerciados
Feminine	comerciada			comerciadas
Indicative
Present	comercio	comercias	comercia	comerciamos	comerciades, comerciais	comerciam
Imperfect	comerciava	comerciavas	comerciava	comerciávamos	comerciávades, comerciáveis, comerciávais1	comerciavam
Preterite	comerciei	comerciaste, comerciache1	comerciou	comerciamos	comerciastes	comerciárom, comerciaram
Pluperfect	comerciara	comerciaras	comerciara	comerciáramos	comerciárades, comerciáreis, comerciárais1	comerciaram
Future	comerciarei	comerciarás	comerciará	comerciaremos	comerciaredes, comerciareis	comerciarám, comerciarão
Conditional	comerciaria	comerciarias	comerciaria	comerciaríamos	comerciaríades, comerciaríeis, comerciaríais1	comerciariam
Subjunctive
Present	comercie	comercies	comercie	comerciemos	comerciedes, comercieis	comerciem
Imperfect	comerciasse	comerciasses	comerciasse	comerciássemos	comerciássedes, comerciásseis	comerciassem
Future	comerciar	comerciares	comerciar	comerciarmos	comerciardes	comerciarem
Imperative
Affirmative		comercia	comercie	comerciemos	comerciade, comerciai	comerciem
Negative (nom)		nom comercies	nom comercie	nom comerciemos	nom comerciedes, nom comercieis	nom comerciem

¹Less recommended.

Further reading

• “comerciar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026
• “comerciar”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2026
• Antón Santamarina, editor (2006–2013), “comerciar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Santamarina, Ernesto X. González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “comerciar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm

Proto-Italic *kom

Proto-Italic *kom-

Latin con-

Proto-Italic *merks

Latin merx

Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós

Proto-Italic *-ijos

Proto-Italic *-ios

Old Latin -ios

Latin -iusnom.

Latin -ium

Latin commercium

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -or

Late Latin commerciārībor.

Portuguese comerciar

Borrowed from Late Latin commerciārī. By surface analysis, comércio + -ar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ko.meʁ.siˈa(ʁ)/ [ko.meh.siˈa(h)], (faster) /ko.meʁˈsja(ʁ)/ [ko.mehˈsja(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ko.meʁ.siˈa(ʁ)/ [ko.meh.siˈa(h)], (faster) /ko.meʁˈsja(ʁ)/ [ko.mehˈsja(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ko.meɾ.siˈa(ɾ)/, (faster) /ko.meɾˈsja(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ko.meʁ.siˈa(ʁ)/ [ko.meχ.siˈa(χ)], (faster) /ko.meʁˈsja(ʁ)/ [ko.meχˈsja(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /ko.meɻ.siˈa(ɻ)/, (faster) /ko.meɻˈsja(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ku.mɨɾˈsjaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ku.mɨɾˈsjaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ku.mɨɾˈsja.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: co‧mer‧ci‧ar

Verb

comerciar (first-person singular present comercio, first-person singular preterite comerciei, past participle comerciado)

1. (intransitive) to deal, to trade; to do business [with com ‘with someone’ and em ‘in something’]
2. (intransitive, figurative) to have relations (with someone) [with com]

Conjugation

    Conjugation of comerciar (non-alternating or i becomes ei when stressed) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	comerciar
Personal	comerciar	comerciares	comerciar	comerciarmos	comerciardes	comerciarem
Gerund
	comerciando
Past participle
Masculine	comerciado			comerciados
Feminine	comerciada			comerciadas
Indicative
Present	comercio, comerceio	comercias, comerceias	comercia, comerceia	comerciamos	comerciais	comerciam, comerceiam
Imperfect	comerciava	comerciavas	comerciava	comerciávamos	comerciáveis	comerciavam
Preterite	comerciei	comerciaste	comerciou	comerciamos1, comerciámos2	comerciastes	comerciaram
Pluperfect	comerciara	comerciaras	comerciara	comerciáramos	comerciáreis	comerciaram
Future	comerciarei	comerciarás	comerciará	comerciaremos	comerciareis	comerciarão
Conditional	comerciaria	comerciarias	comerciaria	comerciaríamos	comerciaríeis	comerciariam
Subjunctive
Present	comercie, comerceie	comercies, comerceies	comercie, comerceie	comerciemos	comercieis	comerciem, comerceiem
Imperfect	comerciasse	comerciasses	comerciasse	comerciássemos	comerciásseis	comerciassem
Future	comerciar	comerciares	comerciar	comerciarmos	comerciardes	comerciarem
Imperative
Affirmative		comercia, comerceia	comercie, comerceie	comerciemos	comerciai	comerciem, comerceiem
Negative (não)		não comercies, não comerceies	não comercie, não comerceie	não comerciemos	não comercieis	não comerciem, não comerceiem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “comerciar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “comerciar”, in Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
• “comerciar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm

Proto-Italic *kom

Proto-Italic *kom-

Latin con-

Proto-Italic *merks

Latin merx

Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós

Proto-Italic *-ijos

Proto-Italic *-ios

Old Latin -ios

Latin -iusnom.

Latin -ium

Latin commercium

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -or

Late Latin commerciārībor.

Spanish comerciar

Borrowed from Late Latin commerciārī. By surface analysis, comercio + -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /komeɾˈθjaɾ/ [ko.meɾˈθjaɾ] (Equatorial Guinea, Spain)
• IPA^(key): /komeɾˈsjaɾ/ [ko.meɾˈsjaɾ] (Latin America, Philippines)
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: co‧mer‧ciar

Verb

comerciar (first-person singular present comercio, first-person singular preterite comercié, past participle comerciado)

1. (intransitive) to deal, to trade; to do business

Conjugation

    Conjugation of comerciar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			comerciar
gerund			comerciando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		comerciado		comerciada
		plural		comerciados		comerciadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	comercio	comerciastú comerciásvos	comercia	comerciamos	comerciáis	comercian
	imperfect	comerciaba	comerciabas	comerciaba	comerciábamos	comerciabais	comerciaban
	preterite	comercié	comerciaste	comerció	comerciamos	comerciasteis	comerciaron
	future	comerciaré	comerciarás	comerciará	comerciaremos	comerciaréis	comerciarán
	conditional	comerciaría	comerciarías	comerciaría	comerciaríamos	comerciaríais	comerciarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	comercie	comerciestú comerciésvos2	comercie	comerciemos	comerciéis	comercien
	imperfect (ra)	comerciara	comerciaras	comerciara	comerciáramos	comerciarais	comerciaran
	imperfect (se)	comerciase	comerciases	comerciase	comerciásemos	comerciaseis	comerciasen
	future1	comerciare	comerciares	comerciare	comerciáremos	comerciareis	comerciaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		comerciatú comerciávos	comercie	comerciemos	comerciad	comercien
	negative		no comercies	no comercie	no comerciemos	no comerciéis	no comercien

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of comerciar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive comerciar	dative	comerciarme	comerciarte	comerciarle, comerciarse	comerciarnos	comerciaros	comerciarles, comerciarse
	accusative	comerciarme	comerciarte	comerciarlo, comerciarla, comerciarse	comerciarnos	comerciaros	comerciarlos, comerciarlas, comerciarse
with gerund comerciando	dative	comerciándome	comerciándote	comerciándole, comerciándose	comerciándonos	comerciándoos	comerciándoles, comerciándose
	accusative	comerciándome	comerciándote	comerciándolo, comerciándola, comerciándose	comerciándonos	comerciándoos	comerciándolos, comerciándolas, comerciándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative comercia	dative	comérciame	comérciate	comérciale	comércianos	not used	comérciales
	accusative	comérciame	comérciate	comércialo, comérciala	comércianos	not used	comércialos, comércialas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative comerciá	dative	comerciame	comerciate	comerciale	comercianos	not used	comerciales
	accusative	comerciame	comerciate	comercialo, comerciala	comercianos	not used	comercialos, comercialas
with formal second-person singular imperative comercie	dative	comércieme	not used	comérciele, comérciese	comércienos	not used	comércieles
	accusative	comércieme	not used	comércielo, comérciela, comérciese	comércienos	not used	comércielos, comércielas
with first-person plural imperative comerciemos	dative	not used	comerciémoste	comerciémosle	comerciémonos	comerciémoos	comerciémosles
	accusative	not used	comerciémoste	comerciémoslo, comerciémosla	comerciémonos	comerciémoos	comerciémoslos, comerciémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative comerciad	dative	comerciadme	not used	comerciadle	comerciadnos	comerciaos	comerciadles
	accusative	comerciadme	not used	comerciadlo, comerciadla	comerciadnos	comerciaos	comerciadlos, comerciadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative comercien	dative	comércienme	not used	comércienle	comérciennos	not used	comércienles, comérciense
	accusative	comércienme	not used	comércienlo, comércienla	comérciennos	not used	comércienlos, comércienlas, comérciense

Derived terms

• comerciable
• comerciante

Related terms

• comercio

Further reading

• “comerciar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025