craindre
Contents
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle French < Old French criembre, criendre (later creindre), from Classical Latin tremere, present active infinitive of tremō, altered into a Gallo-Romance Vulgar Latin form *cremere, with the initial c- under the influence of the Celtic root *krit- (Breton kridien, Scottish Gaelic crith)[1], ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *krey-. Compare Occitan crénher.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
craindre
- (transitive) to fear
- (intransitive, slang) to suck (to be unwanted or bad)
- J'ai perdu mon portefeuille. — Merde, ça craint.
- I've lost my wallet. — Shit, that sucks.
- J'ai perdu mon portefeuille. — Merde, ça craint.
Usage notes[edit]
- craindre que is followed by a subjunctive, and in addition takes a ne as a meaningless particle, e.g. in the following sentence:
- Je crains que le lac ne soit froid.
- I fear that the lake is cold.
Conjugation[edit]
This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in ‘t’ instead of a vowel.
Conjugation of craindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | craindre | avoir craint | |||||
gerund | en craignant | en ayant craint | |||||
present participle | craignant /kʁɛ.ɲɑ̃/ | ||||||
past participle | craint /kʁɛ̃/ | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
simple tenses |
present | crains /kʁɛ̃/ |
crains /kʁɛ̃/ |
craint /kʁɛ̃/ |
craignons /kʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ |
craignez /kʁɛ.ɲe/ |
craignent /kʁɛɲ/ |
imperfect | craignais /kʁɛ.ɲɛ/ |
craignais /kʁɛ.ɲɛ/ |
craignait /kʁɛ.ɲɛ/ |
craignions /kʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ |
craigniez /kʁɛ.ɲje/ |
craignaient /kʁɛ.ɲɛ/ | |
past historic1 | craignis /kʁɛ.ɲi/ |
craignis /kʁɛ.ɲi/ |
craignit /kʁɛ.ɲi/ |
craignîmes /kʁɛ.ɲim/ |
craignîtes /kʁɛ.ɲit/ |
craignirent /kʁɛ.ɲiʁ/ | |
future | craindrai /kʁɛ̃.dʁe/ |
craindras /kʁɛ̃.dʁa/ |
craindra /kʁɛ̃.dʁa/ |
craindrons /kʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
craindrez /kʁɛ̃.dʁe/ |
craindront /kʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | craindrais /kʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
craindrais /kʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
craindrait /kʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
craindrions /kʁɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
craindriez /kʁɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
craindraient /kʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
simple tenses |
present | craigne /kʁɛɲ/ |
craignes /kʁɛɲ/ |
craigne /kʁɛɲ/ |
craignions /kʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ |
craigniez /kʁɛ.ɲje/ |
craignent /kʁɛɲ/ |
imperfect1 | craignisse /kʁɛ.ɲis/ |
craignisses /kʁɛ.ɲis/ |
craignît /kʁɛ.ɲi/ |
craignissions /kʁɛ.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ |
craignissiez /kʁɛ.ɲi.sje/ |
craignissent /kʁɛ.ɲis/ | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
— | crains /kʁɛ̃/ |
— | craignons /kʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ |
craignez /kʁɛ.ɲe/ |
— | ||
1literary tenses |
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ “craindre” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Further reading[edit]
- “craindre” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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