crith

See also: críth

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κριθή (krithḗ, “barley corn, a small weight”).

Pronunciation

• enPR: krĭth, IPA^(key): /kɹɪθ/
• Rhymes: -ɪθ

Noun

crith (plural criths)

1. (physics) the weight of 1 litre of hydrogen at standard temperature and pressure. Equal to approximately 0.09 grams.

Derived terms

• microcrith

Anagrams

• Ritch, trich

Irish

Alternative forms

• crioth

Etymology

From Old Irish crith, from Proto-Celtic *kritos (“trembling, fever”). Probably not related to croith (“to shake”), which generally refers to an intentional act.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /cɾʲi(h)/, /cɾʲiç/
• (Kerry) IPA^(key): /cɾʲɨh/

Noun

crith m (genitive singular creatha, nominative plural creathanna)

2. a shake, quiver, tremble
3. verbal noun of crith

Declension

Declension of crith (third declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative crith creathanna vocative a chrith a chreathanna genitive creatha creathanna dative crith creathanna forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an crith na creathanna genitive an chreatha na gcreathanna dative leis an gcrith don chrith leis na creathanna

Verb

crith (present analytic critheann, future analytic crithfidh, verbal noun crith, past participle crite)

2. to shake, quiver, tremble

Conjugation

Conjugation of crith (first conjugation – A)

indicative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	crithim	critheann tú; crithir†	critheann sé, sí	crithimid; critheann muid	critheann sibh	critheann siad; crithid†	a chritheann; a chritheas	critear
past	chrith mé; chritheas	chrith tú; chrithis	chrith sé, sí	chritheamar; chrith muid	chrith sibh; chritheabhair	chrith siad; chritheadar	a chrith	critheadh
past habitual	chrithinn / crithinn‡	chriteá / criteá‡	chritheadh sé, sí / critheadh sé, sí‡	chrithimis; chritheadh muid / crithimis‡; critheadh muid‡	chritheadh sibh / critheadh sibh‡	chrithidís; chritheadh siad / crithidís‡; critheadh siad‡	a chritheadh	chrití / crití‡
	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	crithfidh mé; crithfead	crithfidh tú; crithfir†	crithfidh sé, sí	crithfimid; crithfidh muid	crithfidh sibh	crithfidh siad; crithfid†	a chrithfidh; a chrithfeas	crithfear
conditional	chrithfinn / crithfinn‡	chrithfeá / crithfeá‡	chrithfeadh sé, sí / crithfeadh sé, sí‡	chrithfimis; chrithfeadh muid / crithfimis‡; crithfeadh muid‡	chrithfeadh sibh / crithfeadh sibh‡	chrithfidís; chrithfeadh siad / crithfidís‡; crithfeadh siad‡	a chrithfeadh	chrithfí / crithfí‡
subjunctive	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	go gcrithe mé; go gcrithead†	go gcrithe tú; go gcrithir†	go gcrithe sé, sí	go gcrithimid; go gcrithe muid	go gcrithe sibh	go gcrithe siad; go gcrithid†	—	go gcritear
past	dá gcrithinn	dá gcriteá	dá gcritheadh sé, sí	dá gcrithimis; dá gcritheadh muid	dá gcritheadh sibh	dá gcrithidís; dá gcritheadh siad	—	dá gcrití
imperative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
—	crithim	crith	critheadh sé, sí	crithimis	crithigí; crithidh†	crithidís	—	critear
past participle	crite
verbal noun	crith

^† archaic or dialect form
^‡ dependent form

Mutation

Mutated forms of crith

radical	lenition	eclipsis
crith	chrith	gcrith

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “criṫ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 196
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “crith”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kritos (“trembling, fever”). Cognate to Welsh cryd (“fever”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʲɾʲiθ/

Noun

crith m (genitive unattested)

1. shaking, trembling

Inflection

Unknown, but Matasović tentatively classifies this as an o-stem. A u-stem declension with genitive cretha can be found in Middle Irish.

Derived terms

• crethaid
  • Irish: creath
  • Manx: crie
• crithnaigid
  • Irish: creathnaigh
  • Scottish Gaelic: criothnaich, crithnich
  • ⇒ Middle Irish: crithnaigthech
    • Irish: creathnach

Descendants

• Middle Irish: crith
  • Irish: crith
  • Manx: crie
  • Scottish Gaelic: crith

Mutation

Mutation of crith

radical	lenition	nasalization
crith	chrith	crith pronounced with /ɡʲ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crith”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish crith, from Old Irish crith, from Proto-Celtic *kritos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʰɾʲih/

Verb

crith (past chrith, future crithidh, verbal noun crith, past participle crithte)

1. shake, shiver, tremble, quaver

Noun

crith f (genitive singular crithe, plural crithean)

1. verbal noun of crith
2. shiver, tremble, shudder, tremor

Derived terms

• Crith-chreidmheach (“Quaker”)

Mutation

Mutation of crith

radical	lenition
crith	chrith

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.