diffidence

English

Etymology

From Latin diffīdentiam (“distrust”), from diffīdere (“to mistrust”), from dis- and fīdere (“to trust”). Attested since ∼1400. The original sense was antonymous with confidence, and the modern sense of ‘distrusting oneself’ dates from the 1650s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɪfɪdəns/

• Audio (Southern England)

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Noun

diffidence (countable and uncountable, plural diffidences)

1. The state of being diffident, timid or shy; reticence or self-effacement.
   • 1815, Jane Austen, Emma, volume I, chapter 15:

     Without scruple—without apology—without much apparent diffidence, Mr. Elton, the lover of Harriet, was professing himself her lover.

   • 1857, Brigham Young, Journal of Discources: Attention and Reflection Necessary to An Increase of Knowledge, etc.:

     I have the same diffidence in my feelings that most public speakers have, and am apt to think that others can speak better and more edifying than I can.

   • 1897, José María de Pereda, translated by William Henry Bishop, Cleto's Proposal to Sotileza (an excerpt from Sotileza)

     "I was passing by," he began to stammer, trembling with his diffidence, "I—happened to be passing along this way, and so—er—as I was passing this way, I says to myself, says I, 'I'll just stop into the shop a minute.'

   • 1986, John le Carré, A Perfect Spy:

     And Rick with unwonted diffidence had accepted his exclusion. Now with the same diffidence he came, looking trim and loving and mysteriously humble.

2. (obsolete) Mistrust, distrust, lack of confidence in someone or something.
   • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:

     [Charles, King of France]: We have been guided by thee hitherto,
     And of thy cunning had no diffidence:
     One sudden foil shall never breed distrust.

   • 1649, J[ohn] Milton, chapter XII, in ΕΙΚΟΝΟΚΛΆΣΤΗΣ [Eikonoklástēs] […], London: […] Matthew Simmons, […], →OCLC, page 122:

     [...] [H]ee had brought the Parliment into ſo juſt a diffidence of him, as that they durſt not leave the Public Armes to his diſpoſal [...]

   • 1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal, V.Scene the Last:

     I have no diffidence of your abilities—only be constant to one roguery at a time—

Related terms

English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeydʰ-‎ (0 c, 29 e)

Translations

The state of being diffident, timid or shy; reticence or self-effacement

• Afrikaans: Verleentheid
• Bulgarian: неувереност (bg) (neuverenost), нерешителност (bg) (nerešitelnost), стеснителност (bg) (stesnitelnost)
• Danish: forsagthed c, tilbageholdenhed c, beskedenhed c
• Dutch: verlegenheid (nl) f, terughoudendheid (nl) f, bescheidenheid (nl) f
• Esperanto: timideco
• French: timidité (fr) f
• German: Zurückhaltung (de) f, Verlegenheit (de) f, Schüchternheit (de) f
• Greek: αιδημοσύνη (el) f (aidimosýni)
• Irish: cotadh m
• Maori: ahaahatanga
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: forlegenhet (no) m or f, tilbakeholdenhet (no) m or f, beskjedenhet (no) m or f

• Russian: застенчивость (ru) f (zastenčivostʹ), ро́бость (ru) f (róbostʹ), неуве́ренность (ru) f (neuvérennostʹ)
• Tagalog: himan, kahimanan