dormir

Asturian

Alternative forms

• adormir, durmir

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *drem-der.

Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti

Proto-Italic *dormjō

Latin dormīre

Asturian dormir

Inherited from Latin dormīre, from Proto-Italic *dormjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti, from *drem- (“to sleep”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /doɾˈmiɾ/ [d̪oɾˈmiɾ]
• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: dor‧mir

Verb

dormir (first-person singular indicative present dormo, past participle dormíu)

1. (intransitive) to sleep

Conjugation

Conjugation of dormir

infinitive		dormir
gerundive		dormiendo
participle		m dormíu, f dormida, n dormío, m pl dormíos, f pl dormíes
person		first singular yo	second singular tu	third singular él/elli	first plural nosotros/nós	second plural vosotros/vós	third plural ellos
indicative	present	dormo	dormes	dorme	dormimos	dormís	dormen
	imperfect	dormía	dormíes	dormía	dormíemos/dormíamos	dormíeis/dormíais	dormíen
	preterite	dormí	dormiesti/dormisti	dormió	dormiemos/dormimos	dormiestis/dormistis	dormieron
	pluperfect	dormiere/dormiera	dormieres/dormieras	dormiere/dormiera	dormiéremos/dormiéramos	dormiereis/dormierais	dormieren/dormieran
	future	dormiré	dormirás	dormirá	dormiremos	dormiréis	dormirán
	conditional	dormiría	dormiríes	dormiría	dormiríemos/dormiríamos	dormiríeis/dormiríais	dormiríen
subjunctive	present	dorma	dormas	dorma	dormamos	dormáis	dorman
	imperfect	dormiere/dormiera	dormieres/dormieras	dormiere/dormiera	dormiéremos/dormiéramos	dormiereis/dormierais	dormieren/dormieran
imperative			dormi			dormíi

Further reading

• “dormir”, in Diccionariu de la llingua asturiana [Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Asturian), 1ª edición, Academia de la Llingua Asturiana, 2000, →ISBN
• Xosé Lluis García Arias (2002–2004), “dormir”, in Diccionario general de la lengua asturiana [General Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Spanish), Editorial Prensa Asturiana, →ISBN

Catalan

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *drem-der.

Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti

Proto-Italic *dormjō

Latin dormīre

Catalan dormir

Inherited from Latin dormīre, from Proto-Italic *dormjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti, from *drem- (“to sleep”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [durˈmi]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [doɾˈmiɾ]

• Audio (Catalonia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i(ɾ)

Verb

dormir (first-person singular present dormo, first-person singular preterite dormí, past participle dormit); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /ɔ/

1. (intransitive) to sleep

Conjugation

    Conjugation of dormir (third conjugation, without -eix-)

infinitive			dormir
gerund			dormint
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		dormit		dormida
		plural		dormits		dormides
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	dormo	dorms	dorm	dormim	dormiu	dormen
	imperfect	dormia	dormies	dormia	dormíem	dormíeu	dormien
	future	dormiré	dormiràs	dormirà	dormirem	dormireu	dormiran
	preterite	dormí	dormires	dormí	dormírem	dormíreu	dormiren
	conditional	dormiria	dormiries	dormiria	dormiríem	dormiríeu	dormirien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	dormi	dormis	dormi	dormim	dormiu	dormin
	imperfect	dormís	dormissis	dormís	dormíssim	dormíssiu	dormissin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	dorm	dormi	dormim	dormiu	dormin
	negative (no)	—	no dormis	no dormi	no dormim	no dormiu	no dormin

Derived terms

• adormir
• condormir
• dorment
• dormida
• dormidor
• dormidora
• dormilec
• dormilega
• dormiment
• dormisquejar
• dormitar
• maldormir

Related terms

• dormició
• dormitiu
• dormitori

Further reading

• “dormir”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “dormir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
• “dormir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “dormir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Franco-Provençal

Alternative forms

• dromir (ORB)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *drem-der.

Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti

Proto-Italic *dormjō

Latin dormīre

Franco-Provençal dormir

Inherited from Latin dormīre, from Proto-Italic *dormjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti, from *drem- (“to sleep”).

Verb

dormir (ORB, broad)

1. to sleep

References

• dormir in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• dormir in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *drem-der.

Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti

Proto-Italic *dormjō

Latin dormīre

Old French dormir

Middle French dormir

French dormir

Inherited from Middle French dormir, from Old French dormir, from Latin dormīre, from Proto-Italic *dormjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti, from *drem- (“to sleep”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɔʁ.miʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Switzerland (Valais)):

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• Audio (France (Paris)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Toulouse)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

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• Audio (France):

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• Audio (France (Grenoble)):

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• Audio (France (Vosges)):

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• Audio (France (Hérault)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

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• Audio (France (Massy)):

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• Audio (France (Somain)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iʁ

Verb

dormir

1. (intransitive) to sleep

   Synonym: pioncer

   Hyponyms: faire la sieste, faire un somme, sommeiller, somnoler, siester

   Vous devriez essayer de dormir. ― You should try to sleep.

   Je dormais quand vous avez appelé. ― I was sleeping when you called.

Conjugation

This is one of a fairly large group of irregular -ir verbs that are all conjugated the same way. Other members of this group include sortir and servir. The most significant difference between these verbs' conjugation and that of the regular -ir verbs is that these verbs' conjugation does not use the infix -iss-. Further, this conjugation has the forms (je, tu) dors and (il) dort in the present indicative and imperative, whereas a regular -ir verb would have *dormis and *dormit (as in the past historic).

Conjugation of dormir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	dormir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	dormant /dɔʁ.mɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		dormi /dɔʁ.mi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	dors /dɔʁ/	dors /dɔʁ/	dort /dɔʁ/	dormons /dɔʁ.mɔ̃/	dormez /dɔʁ.me/	dorment /dɔʁm/
	imperfect	dormais /dɔʁ.mɛ/	dormais /dɔʁ.mɛ/	dormait /dɔʁ.mɛ/	dormions /dɔʁ.mjɔ̃/	dormiez /dɔʁ.mje/	dormaient /dɔʁ.mɛ/
	past historic2	dormis /dɔʁ.mi/	dormis /dɔʁ.mi/	dormit /dɔʁ.mi/	dormîmes /dɔʁ.mim/	dormîtes /dɔʁ.mit/	dormirent /dɔʁ.miʁ/
	future	dormirai /dɔʁ.mi.ʁe/	dormiras /dɔʁ.mi.ʁa/	dormira /dɔʁ.mi.ʁa/	dormirons /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/	dormirez /dɔʁ.mi.ʁe/	dormiront /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	dormirais /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɛ/	dormirais /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɛ/	dormirait /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɛ/	dormirions /dɔʁ.mi.ʁjɔ̃/	dormiriez /dɔʁ.mi.ʁje/	dormiraient /dɔʁ.mi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	dorme /dɔʁm/	dormes /dɔʁm/	dorme /dɔʁm/	dormions /dɔʁ.mjɔ̃/	dormiez /dɔʁ.mje/	dorment /dɔʁm/
	imperfect2	dormisse /dɔʁ.mis/	dormisses /dɔʁ.mis/	dormît /dɔʁ.mi/	dormissions /dɔʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/	dormissiez /dɔʁ.mi.sje/	dormissent /dɔʁ.mis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	dors /dɔʁ/	—	dormons /dɔʁ.mɔ̃/	dormez /dɔʁ.me/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• à dormir debout
• dormir à poings fermés
• dormir comme un bébé
• dormir comme un bienheureux
• dormir comme un loir
• dormir comme une pierre
• dormir comme une souche
• dormir du sommeil du juste
• dormir sur ses deux oreilles
• endormir
• il ne faut pas réveiller le chat qui dort
• ne dormir que d'un œil
• qui dort dîne

Related terms

• dortoir

Descendants

• → Belizean Creole: doado

See also

• se coucher
• sommeil

Further reading

• “dormir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Galician

Verb

dormir (first-person singular present durmo, third-person singular present dorme, first-person singular preterite dormim or dormi, past participle dormido, reintegrationist norm)

1. reintegrationist spelling of durmir

Conjugation

    Reintegrated conjugation of dormir (u-o alternation in present singular) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	dormir
Personal	dormir	dormires	dormir	dormirmos	dormirdes	dormirem
Gerund
	dormindo
Past participle
Masculine	dormido			dormidos
Feminine	dormida			dormidas
Indicative
Present	durmo	dormes	dorme	dormimos	dormides, dormis	dormem
Imperfect	dormia	dormias	dormia	dormíamos	dormíades, dormíeis, dormíais1	dormiam
Preterite	dormim, dormi	dormiste, dormiche1	dormiu	dormimos	dormistes	dormírom, dormiram
Pluperfect	dormira	dormiras	dormira	dormíramos	dormírades, dormíreis, dormírais1	dormiram
Future	dormirei	dormirás	dormirá	dormiremos	dormiredes, dormireis	dormirám, dormirão
Conditional	dormiria	dormirias	dormiria	dormiríamos	dormiríades, dormiríeis, dormiríais1	dormiriam
Subjunctive
Present	durma	durmas	durma	durmamos	durmades, durmais	durmam
Imperfect	dormisse	dormisses	dormisse	dormíssemos	dormíssedes, dormísseis	dormissem
Future	dormir	dormires	dormir	dormirmos	dormirdes	dormirem
Imperative
Affirmative		dorme	durma	durmamos	dormide, dormi	durmam
Negative (nom)		nom durmas	nom durma	nom durmamos	nom durmades, nom durmais	nom durmam

¹Less recommended.

References

• “dormir”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2025

Interlingua

Verb

dormir

1. (intransitive) to sleep

Conjugation

    Conjugation of dormir

infinitive		dormir
participle		present	perfect
		dormiente	dormite
active		simple	perfect
	present	dormi	ha dormite
	past	dormiva	habeva dormite
	future	dormira	habera dormite
	conditional	dormirea	haberea dormite
	imperative	dormi	—

Ladin

Alternative forms

• dormí

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *drem-der.

Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti

Proto-Italic *dormjō

Latin dormīre

Ladin dormir

Inherited from Latin dormīre, from Proto-Italic *dormjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti, from *drem- (“to sleep”).

Verb

dormir

1. (intransitive) to sleep

Conjugation

• Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of dormir (fourth conjugation)

infinitive	dormir, dormì
auxiliary verb	ester		gerund		dormian
past participle	dormì
person	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	ie	tu	el / ela	nos	vos	ei / eles
present	dorme, dormesce	dormes, dormesces	dorm, dormesc	dormion	dormieis	dorm, dormesc
imperfect	dormive	dormives	dormiva	dormivan	dormivais	dormiva
future	dormiré	dormiras	dormirà	dormiron	dormireis	dormirà
subjunctive	che ie	che tu	che el / ela	che nos	che vos	che ei / eles
present	dorme, dormesce	dormes, dormesces	dorme, dormesce	dormion	dormieis	dorme, dormesce
imperfect	dormisse	dormisses	dormissa	dormissan	dormissais	dormissa
imperative	–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
	—	dorm, dormesc	—	dormion	dormide	—

Ladino

Verb

dormir (Hebrew spelling דורמיר)

1. alternative form of durmir
   • 2012 October 1, Miriam Moscona, Tela de Sevoya, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 39:

     Dio santo, los ojos apretados me dejan komo en la trupa de bestia, kontando animales para poeder dormir.

     Good Lord, the shy eyes abandon me like to a pack of beasts, telling animals stop being able to sleep.

Middle French

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *drem-der.

Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti

Proto-Italic *dormjō

Latin dormīre

Old French dormir

Middle French dormir

Inherited from Old French dormir, from Latin dormīre, from Proto-Italic *dormjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti, from *drem- (“to sleep”).

Verb

dormir

1. (intransitive) to sleep

Descendants

• French: dormir

Occitan

Alternative forms

• dòrmer, dourmir (Mistralian spelling)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *drem-der.

Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti

Proto-Italic *dormjō

Latin dormīre

Old Occitan dormir

Occitan dormir

Inherited from Old Occitan dormir, from Latin dormīre, from Proto-Italic *dormjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti, from *drem- (“to sleep”).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Languedoc):

  (file)

Verb

dormir (Languedoc)

1. (intransitive) to sleep

Conjugation

    Conjugation of dormir in Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		dormir			?er dormit
past participle		dormit			—
gerund		dormissent			?ent dormit
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	dormissi	dormisses	dormís	dormissèm	dormissètz	dormisson
	imperfect	dormissiái	dormissiás	dormissiá	dormissiam	dormissiatz	dormissián
	preterite	dormiguèri	dormiguères	dormiguèt	dormiguèrem	dormiguèretz	dormiguèron
	future	dormirai	dormiràs	dormirà	dormirem	dormiretz	dormiràn
	conditional	dormiriái	dormiriás	dormiriá	dormiriam	dormiriatz	dormirián
	conditional 2nd form1	dormiguèra	dormiguèras	dormiguèra	dormigueram	dormigueratz	dormiguèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of ?er plus the past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of ?er plus the past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of ?er plus the past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of ?er plus the past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of ?er plus the past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	dormisca	dormiscas	dormisca	dormiscam	dormiscatz	dormiscan
	imperfect	dormiguèsse	dormiguèsses	dormiguèsse	dormiguèssem	dormiguèssetz	dormiguèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of ?er plus the past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			dormís		dormiscam	dormissetz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Derived terms

• dormir coma un cibòt
• dormir coma un muret
• dormir coma un socàs
• dormir coma un socau
• dormir coma una marmota
• dormir coma una missara
• dormir coma una soca
• dormir coma una turra
• dormir coma una vièlh deute

Related terms

• dòrm
• dormeire
• dormicion
• dormida
• dormilhós
• dormitòri

Further reading

• Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana‎^[1], L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2025, page 249

Old French

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *drem-der.

Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti

Proto-Italic *dormjō

Latin dormīre

Old French dormir

Inherited from Latin dormīre, from Proto-Italic *dormjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti, from *drem- (“to sleep”).

Verb

dormir

1. (intransitive) to sleep

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of dormir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		dormir			avoir dormi
gerund		en dormant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		dormant
past participle		dormi
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	dorm	dors	dort	dormons	dormez	dorment
	imperfect	dormoie, dormeie	dormoies, dormeies	dormoit, dormeit	dormiiens, dormiens	dormiiez, dormiez	dormoient, dormeient
	preterite	dormi	dormis	dormi	dormimes	dormistes	dormirent
	future	dormirai	dormiras	dormira	dormirons	dormiroiz, dormireiz, dormirez	dormiront
	conditional	dormiroie, dormireie	dormiroies, dormireies	dormiroit, dormireit	dormiriiens, dormiriens	dormiriiez, dormiriez	dormiroient, dormireient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	dorme	dormes	dorme	dormons	dormez	dorment
	imperfect	dormisse	dormisses	dormist	dormissons, dormissiens	dormissoiz, dormissez, dormissiez	dormissent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	dorm	—	dormons	dormez	—

Descendants

• Middle French: dormir
  • French: dormir
• Norman: dormi
• Walloon: doirmi

Old Galician-Portuguese

Alternative forms

• durmir

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *drem-der.

Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti

Proto-Italic *dormjō

Latin dormīre

Old Galician-Portuguese dormir

Inherited from Latin dormīre, from Proto-Italic *dormjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti, from *drem- (“to sleep”).

Noun

dormir m

1. sleep
   • 13th century, Paio Soares de Taveirós, Qvantꝰ aquj deſpanha ſon; republished as Angelo Colocci, compiler, Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional, Italy, c. 1525–1526, cantiga 149:

     Qvantꝰ aquj deſpanha ſon
     todꝰ perderom o dormir
     con gran ſabor que am deſſir
     mais eu nũca ſono perdi
     deſquando deſpanha ſay
     ca mhyo perdera ia enton

     How many here are from Spain, that have lost their sleep over their great urge to leave? I have never lost my sleep since I have left Spain, because I have lost it there already.

Verb

dormir

1. (intransitive) to sleep (rest)
   • 1390, [Miragres de Santiago]; republished as José Luís Pensado Tomé, editor, Os miragres de Santiago: versión gallega del códice latino del siglo XII, atribuído al papa Calisto II, 1958:

     […] et Ferragudo ouve sono et deitouse a dormir […]

     And Ferragudo felt sleepy and went to bed.

     (literally, “And Ferragudo had sleepness and lay down sleeping.”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of dormir

infinitive				dormir
gerund		simple		dormindo
		compound		gerund of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
past participle				singular		plural
		masculine		dormido		—
		feminine		—		—
present participle				dorminte		dormintes
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	dôrmio, dormo, dúrmio, durmo	dormes	dorme	dormimos	dormides	dormen
	imperfect	dormia	dormias	dormia	dormiamos, dormíamos	dormiades, dormíades	dormian
	preterite	dormi, dormin	dormiste, dormische, dormiche	dormiu, dormeu, dormio, dormeo	dormimos	dormistes	dormiron
	pluperfect	dormira	dormiras	dormira	dormiramos, dormíramos	dormirades, dormírades	dormiran
	future	dormirei	dormirás	dormirá	dormiremos	dormiredes	dormirán
	conditional	dormiria	dormirias	dormiria	dormiriamos, dormiríamos	dormiriades, dormiríades	dormirian
compound tenses	present perfect	present of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
	past anterior	preterite of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
	pluperfect anterior	simple pluperfect of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
	future perfect	future of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
subjunctive mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	dôrmia, dorma, dúrmia, durma	dôrmias, dormas, dúrmias, durmas	dôrmia, dorma, dúrmia, durma	dormiamos, dormamos, durmiamos, durmamos	dormiades, dormades, durmiades, durmades	dôrmian, dorman, dúrmian, durman
	imperfect	dormisse	dormisses	dormisse	dormissemos, dormíssemos	dormissedes, dormíssedes	dormissen
	future	dormir	dormires	dormir	dormirmos	dormirdes	dormiren
compound tenses	present perfect	present subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
	future perfect	future subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
imperative mood		—	tu	—	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	—
affirmative		—	dorme, durme	—	dormiamos, dormamos, durmiamos, durmamos	dormide	—
negative		—	non dôrmias, non dormas, non dúrmias, non durmas	—	non dormiamos, non dormamos, non durmiamos, non durmamos	non dormiades, non dormades, non durmiades, non durmades	—
personal infinitive		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
		dormir	dormires	dormir	dormirmos	dormirdes	dormiren
1Teer and ter were also used, although all three were less common than haver.

References

• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “dormir”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “dormir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Ferreiro, Manuel (2014–2025), “dormir”, in Universo Cantigas: edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa [Universo Cantigas: critical edition of Galician-Portuguese medieval poetry] (in Galician), A Coruña: University of A Coruña, →ISSN
• Ferreiro, Manuel (2014–2025), “dormir”, in Universo Cantigas: edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa [Universo Cantigas: critical edition of Galician-Portuguese medieval poetry] (in Galician), A Coruña: University of A Coruña, →ISSN

Old Occitan

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *drem-der.

Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti

Proto-Italic *dormjō

Latin dormīre

Old Occitan dormir

Inherited from Latin dormīre, from Proto-Italic *dormjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti, from *drem- (“to sleep”).

Verb

dormir

1. (intransitive) to sleep

Descendants

• Occitan: dormir

  Auvergnat: dromir

  Gascon: dromir, dròmer

  Limousin: durmir

  Vivaro-Alpine: durmir

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “dormīre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 3: D–F, page 140

Old Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *drem-der.

Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti

Proto-Italic *dormjō

Latin dormīre

Old Spanish dormir

Inherited from Latin dormīre, from Proto-Italic *dormjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti, from *drem- (“to sleep”).

Verb

dormir

1. (intransitive) to sleep (rest)

Descendants

• Ladino: dormir, durmir, דורמיר
• Spanish: dormir

References

• Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946), “dormir”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume I, Chapel Hill, page 199

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• dromir (dialectal)
• drumir, drumi, dromi, dormi, durmi (pronunciation spelling)
• durmir (obsolete or eye dialect)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *drem-der.

Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti

Proto-Italic *dormjō

Latin dormīre

Old Galician-Portuguese dormir

Portuguese dormir

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese dormir, from Latin dormīre, from Proto-Italic *dormjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti, from *drem- (“to sleep”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /duʁˈmi(ʁ)/ [duɦˈmi(h)], /doʁˈmi(ʁ)/ [doɦˈmi(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /duʁˈmi(ʁ)/ [duɦˈmi(h)], /doʁˈmi(ʁ)/ [doɦˈmi(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /duɾˈmi(ɾ)/, /doɾˈmi(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /duʁˈmi(ʁ)/ [duʁˈmi(χ)], /doʁˈmi(ʁ)/ [doʁˈmi(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /doɻˈmi(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /duɾˈmiɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /duɾˈmiɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /duɾˈmi.ɾi/

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: dor‧mir

Verb

dormir (first-person singular present durmo, third-person singular present dorme, first-person singular preterite dormi, past participle dormido)

2. (intransitive) to sleep; to be asleep (to rest in a state of reduced consciousness)

   O gato está a dormir/dormindo.

   The cat is sleeping.

4. (intransitive) to fall asleep (to become asleep)

   Demorou horas até que eu dormisse.

   Hours passed before I fell asleep.

6. (transitive) to have a given type of sleep

   Dormir uma soneca.

   To have a nap.

8. (figurative, intransitive) to sleep (to be temporarily inactive)

   A célula dos terroristas está a dormir/dormindo.

   The terrorist cell is asleep.

10. (intransitive, euphemistic) to sleep with (to have sex with) [with com ‘someone’]

    Apanhei-a a dormir/dormindo com um rapaz.

    I caught her sleeping with a boy.

12. (intransitive, figurative) to be constantly [with com ‘with someone’]

    A memória da guerra dorme com o veterano.

    The memory of the war sleeps with the veteran.

14. (poetic, intransitive) to be dead

    Todos (os) meus heróis dormem.

    All my heroes are dead.

16. (informal, of a limb, intransitive) to fall asleep (to temporarily lose blood circulation)

    Acordei no meio da noite e (o) meu braço tinha dormido.

    I woke up in the middle of the night and my arm had fallen asleep.

18. (Brazil, slang, intransitive) not to notice a problem

    O controlador dormiu e os aviões bateram.

    The controller didn’t pay attention and the aeroplanes collided.

19. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, colloquial) to spend the night

    A luz dormiu acesa.

    The light spent the night turned on.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of dormir (u-o alternation in present singular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	dormir
Personal	dormir	dormires	dormir	dormirmos	dormirdes	dormirem
Gerund
	dormindo
Past participle
Masculine	dormido			dormidos
Feminine	dormida			dormidas
Indicative
Present	durmo	dormes	dorme	dormimos	dormis	dormem
Imperfect	dormia	dormias	dormia	dormíamos	dormíeis	dormiam
Preterite	dormi	dormiste	dormiu	dormimos	dormistes	dormiram
Pluperfect	dormira	dormiras	dormira	dormíramos	dormíreis	dormiram
Future	dormirei	dormirás	dormirá	dormiremos	dormireis	dormirão
Conditional	dormiria	dormirias	dormiria	dormiríamos	dormiríeis	dormiriam
Subjunctive
Present	durma	durmas	durma	durmamos	durmais	durmam
Imperfect	dormisse	dormisses	dormisse	dormíssemos	dormísseis	dormissem
Future	dormir	dormires	dormir	dormirmos	dormirdes	dormirem
Imperative
Affirmative		dorme	durma	durmamos	dormi	durmam
Negative (não)		não durmas	não durma	não durmamos	não durmais	não durmam

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:dormir.

Related terms

• dormitório

Descendants

• Guinea-Bissau Creole: durmi
• Kabuverdianu: durmi
• Macanese: durmí
• Papiamentu: drumi

Further reading

• “dormir”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
• “dormir”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2025
• “dormir” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
• “dormir”, in Dicionário infopédia da Lingua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
• “dormir”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
• “dormir”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *drem-der.

Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti

Proto-Italic *dormjō

Latin dormīre

Old Spanish dormir

Spanish dormir

Inherited from Old Spanish dormir, from Latin dormīre, from Proto-Italic *dormjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti, from *drem- (“to sleep”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /doɾˈmiɾ/ [d̪oɾˈmiɾ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: dor‧mir

Verb

dormir (first-person singular present duermo, first-person singular preterite dormí, past participle dormido)

1. (intransitive) to sleep

   Duermo muy bien todas las noches.

   I sleep very well every night.

2. (reflexive) to fall asleep

   ¿En qué piensas mientras te duermes?

   What do you think of while you fall asleep?

3. (reflexive) to sleep in

   ¿Qué hora es? ¡Me he dormido!

   What time is it? I've overslept!

4. (euphemistic) to die; to rest in death

   Y así la reina durmió para siempre.

   And so rested the queen for forever.

5. (transitive) to put to sleep (someone or something)

   Los durmió a todos usando un hechizo.

   He put them all to sleep by using a spell.

6. (euphemistic, medicine) to anesthetize

   Solo un médico puede dormir a un paciente.

   Only a doctor can anesthetize a patient.

7. (euphemistic, medicine) to euthanize, to put down (mainly for pets but also people)

   Ayer por la tarde durmieron a mi gato.

   Yesterday evening my cat was put to sleep.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of dormir (o-ue-u alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			dormir
gerund			durmiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		dormido		dormida
		plural		dormidos		dormidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	duermo	duermestú dormísvos	duerme	dormimos	dormís	duermen
	imperfect	dormía	dormías	dormía	dormíamos	dormíais	dormían
	preterite	dormí	dormiste	durmió	dormimos	dormisteis	durmieron
	future	dormiré	dormirás	dormirá	dormiremos	dormiréis	dormirán
	conditional	dormiría	dormirías	dormiría	dormiríamos	dormiríais	dormirían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	duerma	duermastú durmásvos2	duerma	durmamos	durmáis	duerman
	imperfect (ra)	durmiera	durmieras	durmiera	durmiéramos	durmierais	durmieran
	imperfect (se)	durmiese	durmieses	durmiese	durmiésemos	durmieseis	durmiesen
	future1	durmiere	durmieres	durmiere	durmiéremos	durmiereis	durmieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		duermetú dormívos	duerma	durmamos	dormid	duerman
	negative		no duermas	no duerma	no durmamos	no durmáis	no duerman

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of dormir (o-ue-u alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive dormir	dative	dormirme	dormirte	dormirle, dormirse	dormirnos	dormiros	dormirles, dormirse
	accusative	dormirme	dormirte	dormirlo, dormirla, dormirse	dormirnos	dormiros	dormirlos, dormirlas, dormirse
with gerund durmiendo	dative	durmiéndome	durmiéndote	durmiéndole, durmiéndose	durmiéndonos	durmiéndoos	durmiéndoles, durmiéndose
	accusative	durmiéndome	durmiéndote	durmiéndolo, durmiéndola, durmiéndose	durmiéndonos	durmiéndoos	durmiéndolos, durmiéndolas, durmiéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative duerme	dative	duérmeme	duérmete	duérmele	duérmenos	not used	duérmeles
	accusative	duérmeme	duérmete	duérmelo, duérmela	duérmenos	not used	duérmelos, duérmelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative dormí	dative	dormime	dormite	dormile	dorminos	not used	dormiles
	accusative	dormime	dormite	dormilo, dormila	dorminos	not used	dormilos, dormilas
with formal second-person singular imperative duerma	dative	duérmame	not used	duérmale, duérmase	duérmanos	not used	duérmales
	accusative	duérmame	not used	duérmalo, duérmala, duérmase	duérmanos	not used	duérmalos, duérmalas
with first-person plural imperative durmamos	dative	not used	durmámoste	durmámosle	durmámonos	durmámoos	durmámosles
	accusative	not used	durmámoste	durmámoslo, durmámosla	durmámonos	durmámoos	durmámoslos, durmámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative dormid	dative	dormidme	not used	dormidle	dormidnos	dormíos	dormidles
	accusative	dormidme	not used	dormidlo, dormidla	dormidnos	dormíos	dormidlos, dormidlas
with formal second-person plural imperative duerman	dative	duérmanme	not used	duérmanle	duérmannos	not used	duérmanles, duérmanse
	accusative	duérmanme	not used	duérmanlo, duérmanla	duérmannos	not used	duérmanlos, duérmanlas, duérmanse

    Conjugation of dormirse (o-ue-u alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			dormirse
gerund			durmiéndose
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		dormido		dormida
		plural		dormidos		dormidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
personal non-finite		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	infinitive	dormirme	dormirte	dormirse	dormirnos	dormiros	dormirse
	gerund	durmiéndome	durmiéndote	durmiéndose	durmiéndonos	durmiéndoos	durmiéndose
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	me duermo	te duermestú te dormísvos	se duerme	nos dormimos	os dormís	se duermen
	imperfect	me dormía	te dormías	se dormía	nos dormíamos	os dormíais	se dormían
	preterite	me dormí	te dormiste	se durmió	nos dormimos	os dormisteis	se durmieron
	future	me dormiré	te dormirás	se dormirá	nos dormiremos	os dormiréis	se dormirán
	conditional	me dormiría	te dormirías	se dormiría	nos dormiríamos	os dormiríais	se dormirían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	me duerma	te duermastú te durmásvos2	se duerma	nos durmamos	os durmáis	se duerman
	imperfect (ra)	me durmiera	te durmieras	se durmiera	nos durmiéramos	os durmierais	se durmieran
	imperfect (se)	me durmiese	te durmieses	se durmiese	nos durmiésemos	os durmieseis	se durmiesen
	future1	me durmiere	te durmieres	se durmiere	nos durmiéremos	os durmiereis	se durmieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		duérmetetú dormitevos	duérmase	durmámonos	dormíos	duérmanse
	negative		no te duermas	no se duerma	no nos durmamos	no os durmáis	no se duerman

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Derived terms

• bolsa de dormir
• camarón que se duerme se lo lleva la corriente
• casa de dormir
• ciudad que nunca duerme
• despertar a quien duerme
• dormido
• dormilón
• dormir a pata ancha
• dormir a pierna suelta
• dormir como un ceporro
• dormir como un leño
• dormir como un lirón
• dormir como una marmota
• dormir como una piedra
• dormir en Dios
• dormir en santa paz
• dormir la mona
• dormirla
• dormirse en los laureles
• duermevela
• durmiente
• echarse a dormir
• saco de dormir

Related terms

• adormecer
• dormición
• dormidero
• dormidor
• dormirse
• dormitar
• dormitivo
• dormitorio

Further reading

• “dormir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024

Venetan

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *drem-der.

Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti

Proto-Italic *dormjō

Latin dormīre

Venetan dormir

Inherited from Latin dormīre, from Proto-Italic *dormjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti, from *drem- (“to sleep”).

Verb

dormir

1. (intransitive) to sleep

   Synonyms: momir, polegiar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of dormir (3rd conjugation)

infinitive	dormir
auxiliary verb			gerund		drio dormir
past participle		dormì, dormio		NB: clitic pronouns (bold) are obligatory
person	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	mi	ti te	eło el / eła ła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri i / łore łe
present	dormo	dormi	dorme	dormimo	dormì	dorme
imperfect	dormivo	dormiva	dormiva	dormìvimo	dormiva	dormiva
future	dormirò	dormirè	dormirà	dormiremo	dormirè	dormirà
conditional	mi	ti te	eło el / eła ła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri i / łore łe
present	dormiria	dormirisi	dormiria	dormirìsimo	dormiria	dormiria
subjunctive	che mi	che ti te	che eło el / eła ła	che noialtri / noialtre	che voialtri / voialtre	che łuri i / łore łe
present	dorma	dorma	dorma	dorma	dormì	dorma
imperfect	dormisi	dormise	dormise	dormìsimo	dormisi	dormise
imperative	-	ti te	eło el / eła ła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri i / łore łe
		dormi	dorme	dormimo	dormì	dorme

* Venetan conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of dormir (third conjugation)

infinitive	dormir
auxiliary verb		aver	gerund		dorméndo
past participle		dormito, dormìo
person	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	mi	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
present	dormiso	(te) dormisi	(el/ła) dormise	dormimo	dormì	(i/łe) dormise
imperfect	dormìa	(te) dormivi	(el/ła) dormìa	dormìvimo	dormivi	(i/łe) dormìa
future	dormirò	(te) dormirè	(el/ła) dormirà	dormirémo	dormirè	(i/łe) dormirà
conditional	dormirìa	(te) dormirisi	(el/ła) dormirìa	dormirìsimo	dormirisi	(i/łe) dormirìa
subjunctive	che mi	che ti	che eło / eła	che noialtri / noialtre	che voialtri / voialtre	che łuri / łore
present	dormisa	(te) dormisi	(el/ła) dormisa	dormimo	dormì	(i/łe) dormisa
imperfect	dormise	(te) dormisi	(el/ła) dormise	dormisimo	dormisi	(i/łe) dormise
imperative	—	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
	—	(te) dormisi	(el/ła) dormisa	dormimo	dormì	(i/łe) dormisa

Related terms

• indormesar
• indormesarse
• indormia