dwingen

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch dwingen, from Old Dutch *thwingan, from Proto-West Germanic *þwingan, from Proto-Germanic *þwinhaną, *þwinganą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdʋɪŋə(n)/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: dwin‧gen
• Rhymes: -ɪŋən

Verb

dwingen

1. (transitive) to force, coerce (someone)

   Synonym: forceren

   De overvallers probeerden de winkelbediende te dwingen de kluis te openen.

   The robbers tried to force the store clerk to open the safe.

   Ik zal je niet dwingen om te komen, maar ik zou het op prijs stellen.

   I won't force you to come, but I would appreciate it.

2. (transitive) to constrain, enforce, cause inevitably

   De wet kan bedrijven dwingen milieuvriendelijke maatregelen te nemen.

   The law can constrain companies to take environmentally friendly measures.

   De omstandigheden dwongen ons om een beslissing te nemen.

   The circumstances enforced us to make a decision.

   De veranderingen in de markt dwingen het bedrijf om zich aan te passen.

   The market changes cause inevitably the company to adapt.

3. (transitive) to insist forcefully

Conjugation

Conjugation of dwingen (strong class 3a)
infinitive	dwingen
past singular	dwong
past participle	gedwongen
infinitive	dwingen
gerund	dwingen n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	dwing	dwong
2nd person sing. (jij)	dwingt, dwing2	dwong
2nd person sing. (u)	dwingt	dwong
2nd person sing. (gij)	dwingt	dwongt
3rd person singular	dwingt	dwong
plural	dwingen	dwongen
subjunctive sing.1	dwinge	dwonge
subjunctive plur.1	dwingen	dwongen
imperative sing.	dwing
imperative plur.1	dwingt
participles	dwingend	gedwongen
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.

Derived terms

adjectives

• dwingend
• dwingerig
• ongedwongen

nouns

• dwingeland

verbs

• aandwingen
• afdwingen
• bedwingen
• indwingen
• omdwingen
• opdwingen
• overdwingen
• uitdwingen
• verdwingen
• voldwingen
• voortdwingen

Related terms

• dwang

Descendants

• Afrikaans: dwing
• Negerhollands: twing, dwing
• → Aukan: dwengi
• → Indonesian: dwingen
• → Papiamentu: dwinge (dated)
• → Sranan Tongo: dwengi, dwingi
  • → Caribbean Javanese: dwéngi

Anagrams

• wending

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch dwingen (“to force, to coerce”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈdwiŋən/ [ˈdwi.ŋən]
• Rhymes: -iŋən
• Syllabification: dwi‧ngen

Noun

dwingen (uncountable)

1. (law) coercive action, coercion

   Synonym: perbuatan memaksa

Further reading

• “dwingen”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Low German

Etymology

From Middle Low German dwingen, from Old Saxon *thwingan, from Proto-West Germanic *þwingan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdvɪŋən/, [ˈdʋɪŋən], [ˈdʋɪŋŋ̩]

Verb

dwingen (third-person singular simple present dwingt, past tense dwung, past participle dwungen, auxiliary verb hebben)

1. (transitive or reflexive) to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)
2. (intransitive, with "to ...") to necessitate; to call for

Conjugation

Conjugation of dwingen (class 3 strong verb)

infinitive	dwingen
	present	preterite
1st person singular	dwing	dwung
2nd person singular	dwings(t)	dwungs(t)
3rd person singular	dwing(t)	dwung
plural	dwingt, dwingen	dwungen
	imperative
singular	dwing
plural	dwingt
	present	past
participle	dwingen	(e)dwungen, gedwungen

Note: This conjugation is one of many.
Neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects.

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *thwingan

Verb

dwingen

1. to press tight, to squeeze, to pinch
2. to hurt, to torment
3. to pressure (mentally)
4. to subdue, to impose one's will on, to have under one's control
5. to force, to compel

Inflection

Conjugation of dwingen (strong class 3)

infinitive	base form	dwingen
	genitive	dwingens
	dative	dwingene
		indicative			subjunctive
		present	past		present	past
1st person singular		dwinge	dwanc		dwinge	dwonge
2nd person singular		dwincs, dwinges	dwoncs, dwonges		dwincs, dwinges	dwonges
3rd person singular		dwinct, dwinget	dwanc		dwinge	dwonge
1st person plural		dwingen	dwongen		dwingen	dwongen
2nd person plural		dwinct, dwinget	dwonct, dwonget		dwinct, dwinget	dwonget
3rd person plural		dwingen	dwongen		dwingen	dwongen
		imperative
singular		dwinc, dwinge
plural		dwinct, dwinget
		present	past
participle		dwingende	gedwongen

Descendants

• Dutch: dwingen
• Limburgish: dwinge

Further reading

• “dwinghen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “dwingen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN