em
English[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
The typographic em is named after the metal type for the capital M in early printing, whose body was square (the printed letter M is almost never one em in width).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
em (plural ems)
- The name of the Latin-script letter M.
- The ems and ens at the beginnings and ends.
- (typography) A unit of measurement equal to the height of the type in use.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
|
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
See also[edit]
- (Latin-script letter names) letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee / zed
Etymology 2[edit]
Determiner[edit]
em
- Alternative form of 'em
Etymology 3[edit]
Coined by Christine M. Elverson by removing the "th" from them, perhaps influenced by the pre-existing em/'em, now often perceived as apheretic forms of them (though originally unrelated).
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
em (third-person singular, gender-neutral, objective case, reflexive emself, possessive adjective eir, possessive pronoun eirs)
- (rare, nonstandard, proscribed) A gender-neutral third-person singular object pronoun, the objective case of ey, equivalent to the singular them and coordinate with him and her.
- 1986 April 1, Spivak, Michael, The Joy of TeX: A Gourmet Guide to Typesetting with the AMS-TeX macro package[1], Providence: American Mathematical Society, →ISBN, LCCN 85007506, LCC Z253.4.T47 S673 1986, page 68:
- If the author uses such notation, it should be up to Em to indicate Eir intentions clearly, but there's no harm checking first.
- 2000, Love, Jane, “Ethics, Plugged and Unplugged: The Pegagogy of Disorderly Conduct”, in Inman, James A.; Sewell, Donna N., editors, Taking flight with OWLs: Examining Electronic Writing Center Work[2], Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, LCC PE1414.T24 1999, page 193:
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
Compare um.
Pronunciation[edit]
Interjection[edit]
em
- (Scotland, Ireland) a form of hesitant speech, or an expression of uncertainty; um; umm; erm
- She was going to, em... the salon, I think.
Anagrams[edit]
Bislama[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
em
- Alternative form of hem (“he, she”)
See also[edit]
singular | dual | trial | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | exclusive | mi | mitufala | mitrifala | mifala |
inclusive | — | yumitu, yumitufala | yumitrifala | yumi | |
2nd person | yu | yutufala | yutrifala | yufala | |
3rd person | neutral | hem, em | tufala | trifala | ol1), olgeta |
collective | — | tugeta | trigeta | — | |
1) Used only as an object of a preposition or a verb. *) Some speakers may not distinguish various plurality categories, using only one or two plural pronouns. **) The collective pronouns specify that the action is performed by all subjects together, rather than on their own. |
References[edit]
- Terry Crowley (2004) Bislama Reference Grammar, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi press, →ISBN, page 14
Catalan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin mē, from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-.
Pronoun[edit]
em (proclitic, contracted m', enclitic me, contracted enclitic 'm)
- me (direct or indirect object)
Declension[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
- em is the reinforced (reforçada) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with consonant.
- Em dic… ― My name is… (literally, “I call myself…”)
Czech[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
em n
- The name of the Latin-script letter M.
Further reading[edit]
- em in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- em in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Daur[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
em
Latin[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Noun[edit]
em f (indeclinable)
- The name of the letter M.
Usage notes[edit]
- Multiple Latin names for the letter M, m have been suggested. The most common is em or a syllabic m, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, mē, əm, mə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ιμμε (imme).
Coordinate terms[edit]
- (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta
Etymology 2[edit]
Fossilised (2nd person singular) imperative of emō.
Interjection[edit]
em
- of wonder or emphasis, there!
References[edit]
- “em”, in Charlton T[homas] Lewis; Charles [Lancaster] Short (1879) […] A New Latin Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Chicago, Ill.: American Book Company; Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- “em”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- em in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[4], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to sully one's fair fame: vitae splendori(em) maculas(is) aspergere
- to sully one's fair fame: vitae splendori(em) maculas(is) aspergere
- Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63
- Hannah Rosén (1999). Latine loqui: trends and directions in the crystallization of classical Latin. München: Fink. p. 47
Latvian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
(file) |
Noun[edit]
em m (invariable)
- The Latvian name of the Latin script letter M/m.
See also[edit]
- Latvian letter names:
Luxembourgish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
em
- Reduced form of him
Declension[edit]
nominative | accusative | dative | reflexive | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | ||||
1st person singular | ech | — | mech | — | mir | mer | like dat. and acc. | ||
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | de | dech | — | dir | der | like dat. and acc. | ||
2nd person singular (formal) |
Dir | Der | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | ||
3rd person singular | m | hien | en | hien | en | him | em | sech | |
f | si | se | si | se | hir | er | sech | ||
n | hatt | et ('t) | hatt | et ('t) | him | em | sech | ||
1st person plural | mir | mer | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | ||
2nd person plural | dir | der | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | ||
3rd person plural | si | se | si | se | hinnen | en | sech |
Marshallese[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
em
References[edit]
Middle English[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Inherited from Old English ēam (“maternal uncle”), from Proto-West Germanic *auhaim, from Proto-Germanic *awahaimaz.
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
em (plural emes)
- uncle (brother of one's parents)
- Synonym: uncle
- (rare) progenitor, forefather
- (rare) nephew (son of one's sibling)
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- “ēm, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
em
- Alternative form of hem (“them”)
Northern Kurdish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- Rhymes: -em
Pronoun[edit]
em (oblique me)
- we; us (first-person plural personal pronoun)
Old Frisian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-West Germanic *auhaim (“maternal uncle”)
Noun[edit]
ēm m
- an uncle, mother's brother
Inflection[edit]
Old Norse[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Germanic *immi ("am"; a form of the verb *wesaną (“to be; dwell”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”). Cognate with English am, Gothic 𐌹𐌼 (im, “am”), Latin sum (“am”), Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimí), Albanian jam (“I am”), Sanskrit अस्मि (ásmi), Latvian esmu (“(I) am”), esam (“we are”).
Verb[edit]
em
- I am, first-person of vera (meaning "to be")
Derived terms[edit]
Pennsylvania German[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Article[edit]
em m (definite)
Declension[edit]
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | der | die | es | die |
Accusative | der | die | es | die |
Dative | dem | der | em | de |
Pronoun[edit]
em
Declension[edit]
Nominative | Accusative | Dative | |
---|---|---|---|
1st - Singular | ich | mich | mir mer (unstressed) |
2nd - Singular | du de (unstressed) |
dich | dir der (unstressed) |
3rd - Singular Masculine | er | ihn en (unstressed) |
ihm em (unstressed) |
3rd - Singular Feminine | sie se (unstressed) |
sie se (unstressed) |
ihre re (unstressed) |
3rd - Singular Neuter | es | es | ihm em (unstressed) |
1st - Plural | mir mer (unstressed) |
uns | uns |
2nd - Plural | dihr der (unstressed) |
eich | eich |
3rd - Plural | sie | sie | ihne ne (unstressed) |
2nd - Polite | Sie | Sie | Ihne Ne (unstressed) |
Portuguese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Portuguese en, from Latin in (“in”), from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”). Doublet of in.
Pronunciation[edit]
Preposition[edit]
em
- in; inside; within (contained by)
- Estou na minha casa.
- I’m in my house.
- Encontraram umas moedas no baú.
- They found some coins inside the chest.
- on; on top of (located just above the surface of)
- 2003, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix, Rocco, page 417:
- Então o sorriso reapareceu em seu rosto [...]
- Then the smile reappeared on his face [...]
- Então o sorriso reapareceu em seu rosto [...]
- O livro está na mesa.
- The book is on the table.
- 2003, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix, Rocco, page 417:
- in; at (located in a location)
- Os soldados estão na Crimeia.
- The soldiers are in Crimea.
- in (part of; a member of)
- Só três jogadores ainda estão nesse time.
- Only three players are still in this team.
- in; into; inside (towards the inside of)
- A água entrou em várias casas.
- The water got into various houses.
- indicates the target of an action
- Quero dar um soco na tua cara.
- I want to punch you in the face.
- Mete um processo neles.
- Shove a lawsuit down their throats.
- in (pertaining to the particular thing)
- Ela não passou em inglês.
- She didn’t pass in English.
- in (immediately after a period of time)
- Entraremos em contato com você em duas semanas.
- We will get in contact with you in two weeks.
- in; during (within a period of time)
- O jornal será publicado no dia cinco.
- The newspaper will be published on the fifth.
- at; in (in a state of)
- Estamos em perigo!
- We’re in danger!
- in (indicates means, medium, format, genre or instrumentality)
- Fomos pagos em moeda estrangeira.
- We were paid in foreign currency.
- in (indicates a language, script, tone etc. of writing, speaking etc.)
- Li um livro em holandês.
- I read a book in Dutch.
- in (wearing)
- A moça em preto.
- The lady in black.
- (slang) indicates that the object deserves a given punishment
- Cadeia nele!
- He should be in jail! (literally: jail on him!)
Quotations[edit]
For quotations using this term, see Citations:em.
Synonyms[edit]
- (inside): dentro de
- (on): sobre, em cima de
- (part of): parte de
- (into): para dentro de
- (immediately after): logo depois/após
- (during): consoante, durante
- (wearing): de, vestido de, vestindo
Usage notes[edit]
When followed by an article, a pronoun, a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, em is combined with the next word to give the following combined forms:
Em + article | Combined form |
---|---|
em + o | no |
em + a | na |
em + os | nos |
em + as | nas |
em + um | num |
em + uma | numa |
em + uns | nuns |
em + umas | numas |
Em + pronoun | Combined form |
---|---|
em + ela | nela |
em + elas | nelas |
em + ele | nele |
em + eles | neles |
Em + dem. pronoun | Combined form |
---|---|
em + aquela | naquela |
em + aquelas | naquelas |
em + aquele | naquele |
em + aqueles | naqueles |
em + aquilo | naquilo |
em + esse | nesse |
em + essa | nessa |
em + esses | nesses |
em + essas | nessas |
em + este | neste |
em + esta | nesta |
em + estes | nestes |
em + estas | nestas |
em + isso | nisso |
em + isto | nisto |
em + outra | noutra |
em + outras | noutras |
em + outro | noutro |
em + outros | noutros |
Scots[edit]
Verb[edit]
em
- (South Scots) emphatic first-person singular simple present of ti be
See also[edit]
Swedish[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Noun[edit]
em
- pm (indicating hours in the afternoon); abbreviation of eftermiddagen.
Usage notes[edit]
- Since the 1960s, Sweden primarily uses the 24 hour clock, making am/pm abbreviations unnecessary and less common
Antonyms[edit]
Tok Pisin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
em
- The third person singular pronoun refers to a person or thing other than the speaker or the person being spoken to. Pronouns in Tok Pisin are not inflected for different cases.
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Torres Strait Creole[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
em
Veps[edit]
Verb[edit]
em
Vietnamese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Vietic *ʔɛːm, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(sʔ)iəm; cognate with Pacoh a-em (“younger sibling”).
According to Phan Kế Bính's Việt Nam phong tục (1915), apparently the practice of calling each other anh-em for those in relationship originated from the province of Quảng Nam:
— Vợ chồng con nhà sang trọng, gọi nhau bằng cậu mợ, thầy thông thầy phán thì gọi nhau bằng thầy cô, nhà thường thì gọi nhau bằng anh chị. Có con rồi thì gọi nhau bằng thầy em đẻ em, nhà thô tục thì gọi nhau là bố cu mẹ đĩ, có người thì gọi bố nó mẹ nó, có người cả hai vợ chồng gọi lẫn nhau là nhà ta. Ở Quảng-Nam thì vợ gọi chồng là anh, chồng gọi vợ là em. Ở Nghệ Tĩnh vợ chồng gọi là gấy nhông.
Spouses from wealthy families tend to call each other cậu and mợ; those employed by the government prefer thầy and cô; while in an average household, they call each other anh and chị. Couples with children call each other thầy em [father of the little one] and đẻ em [mother of the little one], while those from low-born families use bố cu and mẹ đĩ; there are also those who say bố nó and mẹ nó and those who both call each other nhà ta. In Quảng Nam, a housewife would call her husband anh and a husband would call his wife em. In Nghệ Tĩnh, "husband and wife" is called gấy nhông.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
(classifier đứa, thằng, con) em • (㛪, 俺, 腌)
- a younger sibling
- thằng em của em ― my younger brother
- a cousin who is descended from an ancestor who is/was a younger sibling to oneself's or one's spouse's (such as a child of a younger sibling of one of one's parents or a grandchild of a younger sibling of one of one's grandparents)
- Synonym: em họ
- - Sao anh lại gọi chú ấy là thầy ? Chú ấy là em của em. Chú ấy cũng là em của anh.
- Anh thấy mình nên tôn trọng cái có trước. Thầy ấy là thầy của anh từ trước khi anh lấy em.- - Why did you call him "teacher"? He's my "younger sibling", meaning he's yours, too.
- I felt like I should respect what comes first. He was my teacher long before we're married.
- - Why did you call him "teacher"? He's my "younger sibling", meaning he's yours, too.
- a person younger than oneself but of the same generation
- (formal) a child or a student
- 2021, Tâm An, “Cận cảnh các em học sinh tiểu học ăn ngủ, sinh hoạt trong khu cách ly tại trường”, in Tuổi trẻ online[5]:
- Cận cảnh các em học sinh tiểu học ăn ngủ, sinh hoạt trong khu cách ly tại trường
- Close-up of primary students living in school quarantine
Quotations[edit]
For quotations using this term, see Citations:em.
Derived terms[edit]
- em gái (㛪𡛔, “younger sister”)
- em trai (俺𤳆, 㛪𤳆, “younger brother”)
Pronoun[edit]
- pronoun used to refer to any person (oneself, the addressee, or any third person) described by the noun em above
- (familiar) pronoun used to refer to younger person of the same generation
- pronoun used to refer to younger siblings or cousins descended from an ancestor who is/was a younger sibling to one's own or one's spouse's
- (formal) pronoun used to refer to a child or a student
- Synonym: con
- Viết một đoạn văn ngắn miêu tả một thứ bố em làm cho em.
- Write a short essay describing something your father made for you.
- pronoun used to refer to the girl or woman in a romantic relationship
- (Can we date this quote?), Pushkin, Alexander, Hoàng Thúy Toàn, transl., Tôi yêu em [I Loved You], translation of Я вас любил:
- Tôi yêu em âm thầm, không hi vọng, / Lúc rụt rè, khi hậm hực lòng ghen, / Tôi yêu em, yêu chân thành, đằm thắm, / Cầu em được người tình như tôi đã yêu em.
- I loved you, without words, without hope, / Sometimes I felt shy, sometimes I felt tortured with jealousy, / I loved you, truly and deeply, / I pray you will find someone who loves you as much as I ever did.
Quotations[edit]
For quotations using this term, see Citations:em.
Adjective[edit]
See also[edit]
Welsh[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
em f (plural emiau)
- The name of the Latin-script letter M.
Mutation[edit]
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
em | unchanged | unchanged | hem |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
See also[edit]
- (Latin-script letter names) llythyren; a, bi, ec, èch, di, èdd, e, èf, èff, èg, eng, aetsh, i / i dot, je, ce, el, èll, em, en, o, pi, ffi, ciw, er, rhi, ès, ti, èth, u / u bedol, fi, w, ecs, y, sèd
Yola[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
em
- Alternative form of ham (“him”)
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:
- Ich knouth em.
- I know him.
References[edit]
- Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 51
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ɛm
- Rhymes:English/ɛm/1 syllable
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Latin letter names
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Typography
- English determiners
- English pronouns
- English terms with rare senses
- English nonstandard terms
- English proscribed terms
- English terms with quotations
- English interjections
- Scottish English
- Irish English
- English third person pronouns
- English two-letter words
- en:Gender
- en:Units of measure
- Bislama terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bislama lemmas
- Bislama pronouns
- Bislama personal pronouns
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan pronouns
- Catalan personal pronouns
- Catalan terms with usage examples
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech neuter nouns
- cs:Latin letter names
- Daur lemmas
- Daur nouns
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with Ecclesiastical IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin indeclinable nouns
- Latin feminine nouns
- Latin feminine indeclinable nouns
- Latin interjections
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- la:Latin letter names
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian terms with audio links
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian nouns
- Latvian masculine nouns
- Latvian indeclinable nouns
- Luxembourgish 1-syllable words
- Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Luxembourgish lemmas
- Luxembourgish pronouns
- Luxembourgish personal pronouns
- Marshallese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Marshallese lemmas
- Marshallese conjunctions
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Middle English/ɛːm
- Rhymes:Middle English/ɛːm/1 syllable
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English terms with rare senses
- Middle English pronouns
- enm:Male family members
- Rhymes:Northern Kurdish/em
- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish pronouns
- Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Frisian lemmas
- Old Frisian nouns
- Old Frisian masculine nouns
- Old Frisian a-stem nouns
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Norse non-lemma forms
- Old Norse verb forms
- Pennsylvania German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pennsylvania German lemmas
- Pennsylvania German articles
- Pennsylvania German pronouns
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese doublets
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese terms with homophones
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese prepositions
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- Portuguese slang
- Scots non-lemma forms
- Scots verb forms
- South Scots
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish abbreviations
- Swedish two-letter abbreviations
- Tok Pisin terms inherited from English
- Tok Pisin terms derived from English
- Tok Pisin lemmas
- Tok Pisin pronouns
- Tok Pisin terms with quotations
- Torres Strait Creole terms inherited from English
- Torres Strait Creole terms derived from English
- Torres Strait Creole lemmas
- Torres Strait Creole pronouns
- Veps non-lemma forms
- Veps verb forms
- Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic
- Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic
- Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer
- Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer
- Vietnamese terms with quotations
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Vietnamese nouns classified by đứa
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- Vietnamese nouns classified by con
- Vietnamese lemmas
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- vi:Family members
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