em

See also: Appendix:Variations of "em"

§English

Wikipedia

§Pronunciation

• enPR: ĕm, IPA^(key): /ɛm/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛm

§Etymology 1

The typographic em is named after the metal type for the capital M in early printing, whose body was square (the printed letter M is almost never one em in width).

§Noun

em (plural ems)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter M/m.

   The ems and ens at the beginnings and ends.

2. (typography) A unit of measurement equal to the height of the type in use.

§Synonyms

• (typography): quad, em quad
• (typography): mutton, mut

§Derived terms

• emcee
• em dash

§Translations

name of the letter M, m

• Arabic: إم m ('em)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: (English letter names are called as in English, no other standard Mandarin name exists)

• Esperanto: mo (eo)
• Finnish: äm (fi)
• Greek: έμ (ém)
• Hawaiian: mū
• Hindi: एम् (ēm), एम (em)
• Irish: eim, muin
• Japanese: エム (emu)
• Korean: 엠 (em)

• Latin: em (la)
• Malay: em
• Marathi: एम (ema)
• Persian: ام (fa) (em)
• Portuguese: eme (pt) m
• Russian: эм (ru) n (em)
• Spanish: eme (es) f
• Thai: เอ็ม (th) (em)
• Turkish: me (tr)
• Ukrainian: ем (em)
• Vietnamese: em-mờ, em (vi), mờ (vi)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.

Translations to be checked

• Italian: ^{(please verify)} emme (it) m, f

typographic unit

• Swedish: fyrkant (sv), fyrkantsvärde, Åp-höjd

§See also

• (Latin-script letter names) letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee/zed ^{(Category: en:Latin letter names)}

§Etymology 2

Wikipedia

Coined by Christine M. Elverson by removing the "th" from them, perhaps influenced by 'em.

§Pronoun

em (third-person singular, gender-neutral, objective case, reflexive emself, possessive eir)

1. (neologism) them (singular). Gender-neutral third-person singular object pronoun, coordinate with him and her.
   • 1986 April 1, Michael Spivak, The Joy of TeX: A Gourmet Guide to Typesetting with the AMS-TeX macro package^[1], Providence: American Mathematical Society, LCC Z253.4.T47 S673 1986, ISBN 0821829998, LCCN 85007506, page 68:

     If the author uses such notation, it should be up to Em to indicate Eir intentions clearly, but there's no harm checking first.

   • 1997, Steven Shaviro, Doom Patrols : A Theoretical Fiction About Postmodernism, London: Serpent's Tail, ISBN 9781852424305, LCCN 9668813, page 138:

     I may become quite intimate with someone, spend hours with em every night, and yet not have the slightest idea what eir voice sounds like, or what eir RL body looks, feels, and smells like.

   • 2000, Jane Love, “Ethics, Plugged and Unplugged: The Pegagogy of Disorderly Conduct”, in Inman, James A.; Sewell, Donna N. editors, Taking flight with OWLs: Examining Electronic Writing Center Work^[2], Taylor & Francis, LCC PE1414.T24 1999, ISBN 0805831711, page 193:

     E invites em to consider how ey represent emselves^[sic], and in so doing, e focuses eir attention on the ethics that make human relations possible.

   • 2011 March 15, RJ Edwards, “#89: New Friend”, Riot Nrrd, accessed on 2012-10-06:

     And ultimately: I think my readers are mature enough that knowing eir assigned gender is not going to give them an “excuse” to misgender em.

§Synonyms

• him or her, him/her
• (singular) them
• (neologism) hir

§Derived terms

• (neologism) emself

§See also

• other attested and proposed gender-neutral pronouns

§Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ(ː)m/

Compare um.

§Interjection

em

1. (Scotland, Ireland) a form of hesitant speech, or an expression of uncertainty; um; umm; erm

   She was going to, em... the salon, I think.

§Anagrams

• me, ME, Me.

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§Catalan

§Pronoun

em (proclitic, contracted m', enclitic me, contracted enclitic 'm)

1. me (direct or indirect object)

§Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi2	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal4	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person  very formal1	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’3	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal1	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
1) Behaves grammatically as third person. 2) Only as object of a preposition.			3) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-. 4) Behaves grammatically as second person plural.

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§Kurdish

§Pronoun

em

1. we; us (first-person plural personal pronoun)

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§Latin

§Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /em/

§Noun

em (indeclinable)

1. The name of the letter M.

§Usage notes

• Multiple Latin names for the letter M, m have been suggested. The most common is em or a syllabic m, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, mē, əm, mə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ιμμε (imme).

§Coordinate terms

• (Latin’s names for the letters of its own alphabet): ā (A), bē (B), cē (C), dē (D), ē (E), ef (F), gē (G), hā (H), ī (I), kā (K), el (L), em (M), en (N), ō (O), pē (P), kū (Q), er (R), es (S), tē (T), ū (V), ix / īx / ex (X), ȳ (Y), zēta (Z)

§References

• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63

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§Latvian

§Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛm]

§Noun

em m (invariable)

1. The Latvian name of the Latin script letter M/m.

§See also

• Latvian letter names:

  a (A), garais ā (Ā), bē (B), cē (C), čē (Č), dē (D), e (E), garais ē (Ē), ef (F), gā (G), ģē (Ģ), hā (H), i (I), garais ī (Ī), jē (J), kā (K), ķē (Ķ), el (L), eļ (Ļ), em (M), en (N), eņ (Ņ), o (O), pē (P), er (R), es (S), eš (Š), tē (T), u (U), garais ū (Ū), vē (V), zē (Z), žē (Ž)

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§Luxembourgish

§Pronoun

em

1. unstressed form of him

§Declension

Luxembourgish personal pronouns

	nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular	ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	mech
2nd person singular (informal)	du	de	dech	—	dir	der	dech
2nd person singular (formal)	Dir	—	Iech	—	Iech	—	Iech
3rd person singular (m)	hien	en	en	—	him	em	sech
3rd person singular (f)	si / hatt	se / et	si / hatt	se / et	hir / him	— / em	sech
3rd person singular (n)	et	't	et	't	him	em	sech
1st person plural	mir	mer	eis / ons	—	eis / ons	—	eis / ons
2nd person plural	dir	der	iech	—	iech	—	iech
3rd person plural	si	—	si	—	hinnen	–	sech

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§Portuguese

§Etymology

From Old Portuguese en, from Latin in (“in”), from Proto-Indo-European *én (“in”).

§Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ẽj̃/, /ĩ/
  • Homophone: hein
• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ̃j̃/
  • Homophone: hem

§Preposition

em

1. in; inside (contained by)
2. on (on the surface of)
   • 2003, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix, Rocco, page 417:

     Então o sorriso reapareceu em seu rosto [...]

     Then the smile reappeared on his face [...]

3. in (surrounded by)
4. in (part of; a member of)
5. in (pertaining to)
6. in (immediately after a period of time)
7. in; during
8. in (indicates a language, script, tone etc. of writing, speaking etc.)

§Usage notes

When followed by an article, a pronoun, a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, em is combined with the next word to give the following combined forms:

Contractions of em

Em + article Combined form em + o no em + a na em + os nos em + as nas em + um num em + uma numa em + uns nuns em + umas numas Em + pronoun Combined form em + ela nela em + elas nelas em + ele nele em + eles neles Em + dem. pronoun Combined form em + aquela naquela em + aquelas naquelas em + aquele naquele em + aqueles naqueles em + aquilo naquilo em + esse nesse em + essa nessa em + esses nesses em + essas nessas em + este neste em + esta nesta em + estes nestes em + estas nestas em + isso nisso em + isto nisto em + outra noutra em + outras noutras em + outro noutro em + outros noutros

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§Scots

§Verb

em

1. (South Scots) Emphatic first-person singular simple present form of ti be

§See also

• er
• es
• im

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§Swedish

§Alternative forms

• em.
• e.m.
• e. m.

§Abbreviation

em

1. pm (indicating hours in the afternoon); Abbreviation of eftermiddagen.

§Usage notes

• Since the 1960s, Sweden primarily uses the 24 hour clock, making am/pm abbreviations unnecessary and less common

§Antonyms

• fm

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§Tok Pisin

§Etymology

English him

§Pronoun

em

1. The third person singular pronoun refers to a person or thing other than the speaker or the person being spoken to. Pronouns in Tok Pisin are not inflected for different cases.
   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Genesis 1:15 (translation here):

     God i mekim kamap tupela bikpela lait. Bikpela em san bilong givim lait long de, na liklik em mun bilong givim lait long nait. Na God i mekim kamap ol sta tu.

§Derived terms

• em tasol

§Related terms

• -im

This entry has fewer than three known examples of actual usage, the minimum considered necessary for clear attestation, and may not be reliable. This language is subject to a special exemption for languages with limited documentation. If you speak it, please consider editing this entry or adding citations. See also Help and the Community Portal.

§See also

Tok Pisin personal pronouns

			singular	dual	trial	plural
1st person			mi	mitupela (exclusive) yumitupela (inclusive)	mitripela (exclusive) yumitripela (inclusive)	mipela (exclusive) yumipela, yumi (inclusive)
2nd person			yu	yutupela	yutripela	yupela
3rd person			em	tupela	tripela	ol

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§Torres Strait Creole

§Etymology

English him

§Pronoun

em

1. he/she/it (third-person singular pronoun)

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§Vietnamese

§Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA ^(key): /ʔɛm˧˧/
• (Huế) IPA ^(key): /ʔɛm˧˧/
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA ^(key): /ʔɛm˧˥/

§Adjective

em

1. small, smaller

§Antonyms

• chị

§Pronoun

em

1. (familiar) I, me (when addressed to older person or husband)
2. (familiar) you (when addressed to younger person)
3. (familiar) she, her, he, him (when talking about younger person)
4. Familial - to family members. you, when addressed to a younger sibling or to a wife.

§Noun

em

1. younger sibling