endure

See also: enduré

English

Alternative forms

• enduer (obsolete)
• indure (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English enduren, from Old French endurer, from Latin indūrō (“to make hard”). Displaced Old English drēogan, which survives dialectally as dree.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈdjʊə̯(ɹ)/, /ɪnˈdjɔː(ɹ)/, /ɪnˈd͡ʒʊə̯(ɹ)/, /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔː(ɹ)/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈd(j)ʊɹ/, /ɪnˈdɝ/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʊə(ɹ)

Verb

endure (third-person singular simple present endures, present participle enduring, simple past and past participle endured)

1. (intransitive) To continue or carry on, despite obstacles or hardships; to persist.

   Synonyms: carry on, plug away; see also Thesaurus:persevere

   The singer's popularity endured for decades.

   • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XVIII, page 30:

     […] The life that almost dies in me:
     That dies not, but endures with pain,
     ⁠And slowly forms the firmer mind,
     ⁠Treasuring the look it cannot find,
     The words that are not heard again.

2. (transitive) To tolerate or put up with something unpleasant.

   Synonyms: bear, thole, take; see also Thesaurus:tolerate

3. (intransitive) To last.

   Synonyms: go on, hold on, persist; see also Thesaurus:persist

   Our love will endure forever.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 8:15, column 2:

     He ſhall leane vpon his houſe, but it ſhall not ſtand: he ſhal hold it faſt, but it ſhall not endure.

4. To remain firm, as under trial or suffering; to suffer patiently or without yielding; to bear up under adversity; to hold out.

   Synonyms: resist, survive, withstand

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ezekiel 22:14, column 1:

     Can thine heart indure, or can thine hands be ſtrong in the dayes that I ſhall deale with thee?

5. (transitive) To suffer patiently.

   Synonyms: accept, thole, withstand

   He endured years of pain.

   • 2011 April 11, Phil McNulty, “Liverpool 3 - 0 Man City”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     Dirk Kuyt sandwiched a goal in between Carroll's double as City endured a night of total misery, with captain Carlos Tevez limping off early on with a hamstring strain that puts a serious question mark over his participation in Saturday's FA Cup semi-final against Manchester United at Wembley.

6. (obsolete) To indurate.

Derived terms

• co-endure

Related terms

• endurance
• enduring
• enduro
• duress

Translations

to continue despite obstacles

• Albanian: duroj (sq)

  Arbëresh: psonj

• Arabic:

  Egyptian Arabic: دام (dām)

• Armenian: please add this translation if you can
• Aromanian: aravdu
• Azerbaijani: dözmək (az)
• Bulgarian: издържам (bg) (izdǎržam)
• Catalan: aguantar (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 承受 (zh) (chéngshòu), 忍受 (zh) (rěnshòu)

• Czech: vytrvat
• Danish: holde (da), vare (da)
• Dutch: voortduren (nl)
• Esperanto: elteni
• Finnish: kestää (fi)
• French: endurer (fr), perdurer (fr)
• Galician: aguantar (gl), perdurar (gl)
• Georgian: გაძლება (gaʒleba), თმენა (tmena), მოთმენა (motmena)
• German: ertragen (de), aushalten (de)
• Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (gabeidan), 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (frabairan)
• Greek: αντέχω (el) (antécho)

  Ancient: ὑπομένω (hupoménō)

• Hungarian: kitart (hu)
• Ido: durar (io)
• Italian: durare (it), restare (it), resistere (it), perdurare (it)
• Japanese: 耐える (ja) (たえる, taeru)
• Khmer: ទ្រាំ (km) (trŏəm), ស៊ូទ្រាំ (suutrŏəm)
• Ladin: tenì ora
• Latin: perpetior, habeo (la)
• Maori: taimau
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Norman: enduther
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: holde ut

• Occitan: durar (oc), perdurar (oc)
• Polish: wytrzymać (pl) pf
• Portuguese: aguentar (pt), prevalecer (pt)
• Romanian: îndura (ro), răbda (ro)
• Russian: выде́рживать (ru) impf (vydérživatʹ), вы́держать (ru) pf (výderžatʹ), терпе́ть (ru) impf (terpétʹ), вы́терпеть (ru) pf (výterpetʹ), выноси́ть (ru) impf (vynosítʹ), вы́нести (ru) pf (výnesti)
• Spanish: aguantar (es), perdurar (es)
• Telugu: నిలబడు (te) (nilabaḍu), నిలుచు (te) (nilucu)
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Urdu: قائم رہنا (qaeem rehnaa)
• Vietnamese: please add this translation if you can

to tolerate something

• Arabic: تَحَمَّلَ (taḥammala), صَبَرَ (ar) (ṣabara)

  Moroccan Arabic: صبر (ṣbar)

• Belarusian: цярпе́ць impf (cjarpjécʹ), трыва́ць impf (tryvácʹ), выно́сіць impf (vynósicʹ), вы́несці pf (výnjesci)
• Bulgarian: трая (bg) (traja), понасям (bg) (ponasjam)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 忍受 (zh) (rěnshòu)

• Czech: snášet (cs)
• Danish: udholde, tåle
• Dutch: verdragen (nl)
• Finnish: kestää (fi), sietää (fi)
• French: supporter (fr)
• Galician: tolerar (gl), aguantar (gl)
• Georgian: მოთმენა (motmena), თმენა (tmena), გაძლება (gaʒleba)
• German: dulden (de)
• Greek: αντέχω (el) (antécho), ανέχομαι (el) (anéchomai), υπομένω (el) (ypoméno)

  Ancient: ὑπομένω (hupoménō)

• Hungarian: elvisel (hu), kibír (hu)
• Icelandic: þola (is)
• Ingrian: terppiä
• Irish: iompair
• Italian: tollerare (it), sopportare (it)
• Japanese: たえる (ja) (taeru)
• Korean: 견디다 (ko) (gyeondida), 참다 (ko) (chamda)
• Latin: perpetior, tolerō
• Maori: koromaki, whakataumaha, whakaririka
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: utstå

• Occitan: endurar (oc), soportar
• Old Church Slavonic:

  Cyrillic: трьпѣти impf (trĭpěti)

• Old East Slavic: тьрпѣти impf (tĭrpěti)
• Ottoman Turkish: گوتورمك (götürmek)
• Portuguese: aguentar (pt), suportar (pt)
• Romanian: tolera (ro), îngădui (ro), suporta (ro)
• Russian: терпе́ть (ru) impf (terpétʹ), вы́терпеть (ru) pf (výterpetʹ), выноси́ть (ru) impf (vynosítʹ), вы́нести (ru) pf (výnesti), переноси́ть (ru) impf (perenosítʹ), перенести́ (ru) pf (perenestí)
• Spanish: tolerar (es), consentir (es), condescender (es)
• Swedish: tåla (sv)
• Telugu: ఓర్చు (te) (ōrcu), భరించు (te) (bhariñcu)
• Tocharian B: käl-
• Ukrainian: терпі́ти impf (terpíty), вите́рплювати impf (vytérpljuvaty), зазнава́ти impf (zaznaváty), зазна́ти pf (zaznáty), вино́сити impf (vynósyty), ви́нести pf (výnesty)
• Urdu: برداشت کرنا (bardasht karna), قائم رہنا (qaeem rehna)
• Vietnamese: chịu đựng (vi)
• Walloon: edurer (wa)

to last

• Arabic: اِسْتَمَرَّ (istamarra)
• Bulgarian: трая (bg) (traja), продължавам (bg) (prodǎlžavam)
• Catalan: durar (ca), perdurar (ca)
• Danish: vare (da), leve (da)
• Esperanto: daŭri
• Finnish: kestää (fi)
• Galician: durar (gl)
• Georgian: გაძლება (gaʒleba)
• German: von Bestand sein
• Ido: durar (io)
• Italian: durare (it)
• Korean: 버티다 (ko) (beotida)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: vare (no)

• Occitan: durar (oc), perdurar (oc)
• Portuguese: durar (pt), resistir (pt)
• Romanian: dura (ro)
• Scottish Gaelic: seas
• Spanish: durar (es)
• Urdu: جھیلنا (jhelna)
• Walloon: durer (wa)

to suffer patiently

• Bulgarian: изтърпявам (bg) (iztǎrpjavam)
• Danish: døje, udholde, holde ud
• Dutch: doorstaan (nl)
• Finnish: kärsiä (fi)
• Galician: aguantar (gl)
• Greek: υπομένω (el) (ypoméno), αντέχω (el) (antécho), τραβάω (el) (traváo), εγκαρτερώ (el) (egkarteró)

  Ancient Greek: πάσχω (páskhō)

• Ido: subisar (io)
• Indonesian: menderita (id)
• Irish: iompair
• Italian: sopportare (it), tollerare (it), soffrire di
• Maori: whakataumaha, whakataimaha
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: utstå, holde ut med, utholde

• Occitan: endurar (oc)
• Old English: ādrēogan, drēogan, þrōwian, æfnan
• Portuguese: sofrer (pt), aguentar (pt)
• Swedish: genomlida (sv), utstå (sv)
• Urdu: بھگتنا (bhugatnaa)

References

• John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “endure”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

Anagrams

• durene, enduer, enured, reuned

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑ̃.dyʁ/

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

endure

1. inflection of endurer:
   1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
   2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

• rendue

Spanish

Verb

endure

1. inflection of endurar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative