estofar

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Central) [əs.tuˈfa]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [əs.toˈfa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [es.toˈfaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [es.toˈfa]

Etymology 1

From estofa +‎ -ar, if not directly from Old French estoffer (“to decorate”).

Verb

estofar (first-person singular present estofo, first-person singular preterite estofí, past participle estofat); root stress: (Northern) /o̞/; (Balearic, Central, Northwestern, Valencia) /ɔ/(transitive)

1. (art) to apply gesso to wood before gilding
2. (art) to apply tempura to gilding to create the appearance of brocaded fabric

Derived terms

• estofat

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Catalan estubar (“to steam”), from Vulgar Latin *extūpare. Perhaps influenced in form by Italian stufare.

Verb

estofar (first-person singular present estofo, first-person singular preterite estofí, past participle estofat); root stress: (Northern) /o̞/; (Balearic, Central, Northwestern, Valencia) /ɔ/

1. (transitive) to stew

Derived terms

• estofat

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of estofar (first conjugation)

infinitive			estofar
gerund			estofant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		estofat		estofada
		plural		estofats		estofades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	estofo	estofes	estofa	estofem	estofeu	estofen
	imperfect	estofava	estofaves	estofava	estofàvem	estofàveu	estofaven
	future	estofaré	estofaràs	estofarà	estofarem	estofareu	estofaran
	preterite	estofí	estofares	estofà	estofàrem	estofàreu	estofaren
	conditional	estofaria	estofaries	estofaria	estofaríem	estofaríeu	estofarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	estofi	estofis	estofi	estofem	estofeu	estofin
	imperfect	estofés	estofessis	estofés	estoféssim	estoféssiu	estofessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	estofa	estofi	estofem	estofeu	estofin
	negative (no)	—	no estofis	no estofi	no estofem	no estofeu	no estofin

Further reading

• “estofar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Occitan

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Audio (Béarn):

  (file)

Verb

estofar

1. to choke (prevent breathing)

Conjugation

    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		estofar			aver estofat
gerund		estofant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		estofat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	estofi	estofas	estofa	estofam	estofatz	estofan
	imperfect	estofavi	estofavas	estofava	estofàvem	estofàvetz	estofavan
	preterite	estofèri	estofères	estofèt	estofèrem	estofèretz	estofèron
	future	estofarai	estofaràs	estofarà	estofarem	estofaretz	estofaràn
	conditional	estofariái	estofariás	estofariá	estofariam	estofariatz	estofarián
	conditional 2nd form1	estofèra	estofèras	estofèra	estoferam	estoferatz	estofèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	estofe	estofes	estofe	estofem	estofetz	estofen
	imperfect	estofèssi	estofèsses	estofèsse	estofèssem	estofèssetz	estofèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			estofa		estofem	estofatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Auvernhàs

		simple			compound
infinitive		estofar			aver estofat
gerund		estofant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		estofat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	estofe	estofes	estofa	estofam	estofatz	estofon
	imperfect	estofave	estofaves	estofava	estofaviam	estofaviatz	estofavon
	preterite	estofere	estoferes	estofet	estofem	estofetz	estoferon
	future	estofarai	estofaràs	estofará	estofarem	estofaretz	estofarán
	conditional	estofariá	estofariás	estofariá	estofariam	estofariatz	estofarián
	conditional 2nd form1	estofèra	estofèras	estofèra	estoferam	estoferatz	estofèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	estofe	estofes	estofe	estofassiam	estofassiatz	estofon
	imperfect	estofesse	estofesses	estofesse	estofessiam	estofessiatz	estofesson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			estofa		estofassiam	estofatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Gascon

		simple			compound
infinitive		estofar			aver estofat
gerund		estofant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		estofat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	estofi	estofas	estofa	estofam	estofatz	estofan
	imperfect	estofavi	estofavas	estofava	estofàvam	estofàvatz	estofavan
	preterite	estofèi	estofès	estofè	estofèm	estofètz	estofèn
	future	estofarèi	estofaràs	estofarà	estofaram	estofaratz	estofaràn
	conditional	estofarí	estofarés	estofaré	estofarem	estofaretz	estofarén
	conditional 2nd form1	estofèra	estofèras	estofèra	estoferam	estoferatz	estofèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	estofi	estofes	estofe	estofem	estofetz	estofen
	imperfect	estofèssi	estofèsses	estofèsse	estofèssem	estofèssetz	estofèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			estofa		estofem	estofatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Lemosin

		simple			compound
infinitive		estofar			aver estofat
gerund		estofant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		estofat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	estofe	estofas	estofa	estofam	estofatz	estofan
	imperfect	estofava	estofavas	estofava	estofàvam	estofàvatz	estofavan
	preterite	estofei	estoferas	estofet	estofèram	estofèratz	estoferan
	future	estofarai	estofaràs	estofará	estofarem	estofaretz	estofarán
	conditional	estofariá	estofariàs	estofariá	estofariam	estofariatz	estofarián
	conditional 2nd form1	estofèra	estofèras	estofèra	estoferam	estoferatz	estofèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	estofe	estofes	estofe	estofem	estofetz	estofen
	imperfect	estofèsse	estofèsses	estofèsse	estofèssem	estofèssetz	estofèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			estofa		estofem	estofatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Provençau

		simple			compound
infinitive		estofar			aver estofat
gerund		estofant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		estofat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	estofe	estofes	estofa	estofam	estofatz	estofan
	imperfect	estofavi	estofavas	estofava	estofàvem	estofàvetz	estofavan
	preterite	estofère	estofères	estofèt	estoferiam	estoferiatz	estofèron
	future	estofarai	estofaràs	estofarà	estofarem	estofaretz	estofaràn
	conditional	estofariáu	estofariás	estofariá	estofariam	estofariatz	estofarián
	conditional 2nd form1	estofèra	estofèras	estofèra	estoferam	estoferatz	estofèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	estofe	estofes	estofe	estofem	estofetz	estofan
	imperfect	estofèsse	estofèsses	estofèsse	estofessiam	estofessiatz	estofèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			estofa		estofem	estofatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

▲

Portuguese estofardeverb.

Portuguese estofo

Portuguese -ar

Portuguese estofar

From estofo + -ar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /is.toˈfa(ʁ)/ [is.toˈfa(h)], /es.toˈfa(ʁ)/ [es.toˈfa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /is.toˈfa(ʁ)/ [is.toˈfa(h)], /es.toˈfa(ʁ)/ [es.toˈfa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /is.toˈfa(ɾ)/, /es.toˈfa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /iʃ.toˈfa(ʁ)/ [iʃ.toˈfa(χ)], /eʃ.toˈfa(ʁ)/ [eʃ.toˈfa(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /is.toˈfa(ɻ)/, /es.toˈfa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.tuˈfaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.tuˈfaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.tuˈfa.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: es‧to‧far
• Homophone: (Portugal) estufar

Verb

estofar (first-person singular present estofo, first-person singular preterite estofei, past participle estofado)

1. (transitive) to upholster

Conjugation

    Conjugation of estofar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	estofar
Personal	estofar	estofares	estofar	estofarmos	estofardes	estofarem
Gerund
	estofando
Past participle
Masculine	estofado			estofados
Feminine	estofada			estofadas
Indicative
Present	estofo	estofas	estofa	estofamos	estofais	estofam
Imperfect	estofava	estofavas	estofava	estofávamos	estofáveis	estofavam
Preterite	estofei	estofaste	estofou	estofamos1, estofámos2	estofastes	estofaram
Pluperfect	estofara	estofaras	estofara	estofáramos	estofáreis	estofaram
Future	estofarei	estofarás	estofará	estofaremos	estofareis	estofarão
Conditional	estofaria	estofarias	estofaria	estofaríamos	estofaríeis	estofariam
Subjunctive
Present	estofe	estofes	estofe	estofemos	estofeis	estofem
Imperfect	estofasse	estofasses	estofasse	estofássemos	estofásseis	estofassem
Future	estofar	estofares	estofar	estofarmos	estofardes	estofarem
Imperative
Affirmative		estofa	estofe	estofemos	estofai	estofem
Negative (não)		não estofes	não estofe	não estofemos	não estofeis	não estofem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

• estofado
• estofador
• estofamento

Further reading

• “estofar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “estofar”, in Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
• “estofar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2026, →ISBN
• “estofar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

From estofa +‎ -ar. The cooking sense is derived from estufar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /estoˈfaɾ/ [es.t̪oˈfaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: es‧to‧far

Verb

estofar (first-person singular present estofo, first-person singular preterite estofé, past participle estofado)

1. (cooking, transitive) to stew
2. (transitive) to quilt, to pad, to cord
3. (transitive) to incise, to scratch (a paint layer)
4. (transitive) to paint on burnished gold using tempera
5. (transitive) to apply gesso
6. (transitive) to polychrome

Conjugation

    Conjugation of estofar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			estofar
gerund			estofando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		estofado		estofada
		plural		estofados		estofadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	estofo	estofastú estofásvos	estofa	estofamos	estofáis	estofan
	imperfect	estofaba	estofabas	estofaba	estofábamos	estofabais	estofaban
	preterite	estofé	estofaste	estofó	estofamos	estofasteis	estofaron
	future	estofaré	estofarás	estofará	estofaremos	estofaréis	estofarán
	conditional	estofaría	estofarías	estofaría	estofaríamos	estofaríais	estofarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	estofe	estofestú estofésvos2	estofe	estofemos	estoféis	estofen
	imperfect (ra)	estofara	estofaras	estofara	estofáramos	estofarais	estofaran
	imperfect (se)	estofase	estofases	estofase	estofásemos	estofaseis	estofasen
	future1	estofare	estofares	estofare	estofáremos	estofareis	estofaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		estofatú estofávos	estofe	estofemos	estofad	estofen
	negative		no estofes	no estofe	no estofemos	no estoféis	no estofen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of estofar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive estofar	dative	estofarme	estofarte	estofarle, estofarse	estofarnos	estofaros	estofarles, estofarse
	accusative	estofarme	estofarte	estofarlo, estofarla, estofarse	estofarnos	estofaros	estofarlos, estofarlas, estofarse
with gerund estofando	dative	estofándome	estofándote	estofándole, estofándose	estofándonos	estofándoos	estofándoles, estofándose
	accusative	estofándome	estofándote	estofándolo, estofándola, estofándose	estofándonos	estofándoos	estofándolos, estofándolas, estofándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative estofa	dative	estófame	estófate	estófale	estófanos	not used	estófales
	accusative	estófame	estófate	estófalo, estófala	estófanos	not used	estófalos, estófalas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative estofá	dative	estofame	estofate	estofale	estofanos	not used	estofales
	accusative	estofame	estofate	estofalo, estofala	estofanos	not used	estofalos, estofalas
with formal second-person singular imperative estofe	dative	estófeme	not used	estófele, estófese	estófenos	not used	estófeles
	accusative	estófeme	not used	estófelo, estófela, estófese	estófenos	not used	estófelos, estófelas
with first-person plural imperative estofemos	dative	not used	estofémoste	estofémosle	estofémonos	estofémoos	estofémosles
	accusative	not used	estofémoste	estofémoslo, estofémosla	estofémonos	estofémoos	estofémoslos, estofémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative estofad	dative	estofadme	not used	estofadle	estofadnos	estofaos	estofadles
	accusative	estofadme	not used	estofadlo, estofadla	estofadnos	estofaos	estofadlos, estofadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative estofen	dative	estófenme	not used	estófenle	estófennos	not used	estófenles, estófense
	accusative	estófenme	not used	estófenlo, estófenla	estófennos	not used	estófenlos, estófenlas, estófense

Further reading

• “estofar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025