estudier
Appearance
Middle French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French estudier.
Verb
[edit]estudier
- to study
Conjugation
[edit]- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of estudier
infinitive | simple | estudier | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | estudiant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past participle | estudié | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | estudie | estudies | estudie | estudions | estudiez | estudient |
imperfect | estudiois, estudioys | estudiois, estudioys | estudioit, estudioyt | estudiions, estudiyons | estudiiez, estudiyez | estudioient, estudioyent | |
past historic | estudia | estudias | estudia | estudiasmes | estudiastes | estudierent | |
future | estudierai, estudieray | estudieras | estudiera | estudierons | estudierez | estudieront | |
conditional | estudierois, estudieroys | estudierois, estudieroys | estudieroit, estudieroyt | estudierions, estudieryons | estudieriez, estudieryez | estudieroient, estudieroyent | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | estudie | estudies | estudie | estudions | estudiez | estudient |
imperfect | estudiasse | estudiasses | estudiast | estudiassions | estudiassiez | estudiassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | estudie | — | estudions | estudiez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |
Descendants
[edit]Old French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From estudie (“study”, noun) + -er (verb-forming suffix). First attested in 1155.
Verb
[edit]estudier
- to study
Conjugation
[edit]This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of estudier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | estudier | avoir estudïé | |||||
gerund | en estudiant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | estudiant | ||||||
past participle | estudïé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | estudi | estudïes | estudïe | estudions | estudïez | estudïent |
imperfect | estudioie, estudïeie, estudioe, estudïeve | estudioies, estudïeies, estudioes, estudïeves | estudioit, estudïeit, estudiot, estudïeve | estudiiiens, estudiiens | estudiiiez, estudiiez | estudioient, estudïeient, estudioent, estudïevent | |
preterite | estudiai | estudias | estudia | estudiames | estudiastes | estudïerent | |
future | estudïerai | estudïeras | estudïera | estudïerons | estudïeroiz, estudïereiz, estudïerez | estudïeront | |
conditional | estudïeroie, estudïereie | estudïeroies, estudïereies | estudïeroit, estudïereit | estudïeriiens, estudïeriens | estudïeriiez, estudïeriez | estudïeroient, estudïereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | estudi | estudis | estudit | estudions | estudïez | estudïent |
imperfect | estudiasse | estudiasses | estudiast | estudiissons, estudiissiens | estudiissoiz, estudiissez, estudiissiez | estudiassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | estudïe | — | estudions | estudïez | — |
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “studium”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 12: Sk–š, page 312
Categories:
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French verbs
- Middle French first group verbs
- Old French terms suffixed with -er
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French verbs with weak-a preterite
- Old French first group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -er