exterminar

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin extermināre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [əks.tər.miˈna]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [eks.teɾ.miˈnaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [eks.ter.miˈna]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

Verb

exterminar (first-person singular present extermino, first-person singular preterite exterminí, past participle exterminat)

1. (transitive) to exterminate

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of exterminar (first conjugation)

infinitive			exterminar
gerund			exterminant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		exterminat		exterminada
		plural		exterminats		exterminades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	extermino	extermines	extermina	exterminem	extermineu	exterminen
	imperfect	exterminava	exterminaves	exterminava	exterminàvem	exterminàveu	exterminaven
	future	exterminaré	exterminaràs	exterminarà	exterminarem	exterminareu	exterminaran
	preterite	exterminí	exterminares	exterminà	exterminàrem	exterminàreu	exterminaren
	conditional	exterminaria	exterminaries	exterminaria	exterminaríem	exterminaríeu	exterminarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	extermini	exterminis	extermini	exterminem	extermineu	exterminin
	imperfect	exterminés	exterminessis	exterminés	exterminéssim	exterminéssiu	exterminessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	extermina	extermini	exterminem	extermineu	exterminin
	negative (no)	—	no exterminis	no extermini	no exterminem	no extermineu	no exterminin

Related terms

• exterminador
• extermini

Further reading

• “exterminar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “exterminar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “exterminar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “exterminar”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs

Proto-Italic *eks

Latin ex

Latin ex-

Proto-Indo-European *terh₂-?

Proto-Indo-European *ter-?

Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥

Proto-Indo-European *térmn̥

Proto-Italic *termn̥

Proto-Indo-European *-nós

Proto-Italic *-nos

Proto-Italic *term(e)nos

Latin terminus

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin terminō

Latin exterminārelbor.

Portuguese exterminar

Learned borrowing from Latin extermināre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /is.teʁ.miˈna(ʁ)/ [is.teɦ.miˈna(h)], /es.teʁ.miˈna(ʁ)/ [es.teɦ.miˈna(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /is.teʁ.miˈna(ʁ)/ [is.teɦ.miˈna(h)], /es.teʁ.miˈna(ʁ)/ [es.teɦ.miˈna(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /is.teɾ.miˈna(ɾ)/, /es.teɾ.miˈna(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /iʃ.teʁ.miˈna(ʁ)/ [iʃ.teʁ.miˈna(χ)], /eʃ.teʁ.miˈna(ʁ)/ [eʃ.teʁ.miˈna(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /is.teɻ.miˈna(ɻ)/, /es.teɻ.miˈna(ɻ)/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /es.teʁ.miˈna(ʁ)/ [es.teɦ.miˈna(h)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.tɨɾ.miˈnaɾ/, /ɐjʃ.tɨɾ.miˈnaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.tɨɾ.miˈnaɾ/, /ɐjʃ.tɨɾ.miˈnaɾ/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.tɨɾ.miˈnaɾ/, /ejʃ.tɨɾ.miˈnaɾ/
  • (Central Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.tɨɾ.miˈnaɾ/, /ejʃ.tɨɾ.miˈnaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.tɨɾ.miˈna.ɾi/, /eʃ.tɨɾ.miˈna.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: ex‧ter‧mi‧no

Verb

exterminar (first-person singular present extermino, first-person singular preterite exterminei, past participle exterminado)

1. (transitive) to exterminate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exterminar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	exterminar
Personal	exterminar	exterminares	exterminar	exterminarmos	exterminardes	exterminarem
Gerund
	exterminando
Past participle
Masculine	exterminado			exterminados
Feminine	exterminada			exterminadas
Indicative
Present	extermino	exterminas	extermina	exterminamos	exterminais	exterminam
Imperfect	exterminava	exterminavas	exterminava	exterminávamos	extermináveis	exterminavam
Preterite	exterminei	exterminaste	exterminou	exterminamos1, exterminámos2	exterminastes	exterminaram
Pluperfect	exterminara	exterminaras	exterminara	extermináramos	extermináreis	exterminaram
Future	exterminarei	exterminarás	exterminará	exterminaremos	exterminareis	exterminarão
Conditional	exterminaria	exterminarias	exterminaria	exterminaríamos	exterminaríeis	exterminariam
Subjunctive
Present	extermine	extermines	extermine	exterminemos	extermineis	exterminem
Imperfect	exterminasse	exterminasses	exterminasse	exterminássemos	exterminásseis	exterminassem
Future	exterminar	exterminares	exterminar	exterminarmos	exterminardes	exterminarem
Imperative
Affirmative		extermina	extermine	exterminemos	exterminai	exterminem
Negative (não)		não extermines	não extermine	não exterminemos	não extermineis	não exterminem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• exterminador
• extermínio

Further reading

• “exterminar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “exterminar”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2026
• “exterminar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
• “exterminar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Lingua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
• “exterminar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2026, →ISBN
• “exterminar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin extermināre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eɡsteɾmiˈnaɾ/ [eɣ̞s.t̪eɾ.miˈnaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: ex‧ter‧mi‧nar

Verb

exterminar (first-person singular present extermino, first-person singular preterite exterminé, past participle exterminado)

1. (transitive) to exterminate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exterminar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			exterminar
gerund			exterminando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		exterminado		exterminada
		plural		exterminados		exterminadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	extermino	exterminastú exterminásvos	extermina	exterminamos	extermináis	exterminan
	imperfect	exterminaba	exterminabas	exterminaba	exterminábamos	exterminabais	exterminaban
	preterite	exterminé	exterminaste	exterminó	exterminamos	exterminasteis	exterminaron
	future	exterminaré	exterminarás	exterminará	exterminaremos	exterminaréis	exterminarán
	conditional	exterminaría	exterminarías	exterminaría	exterminaríamos	exterminaríais	exterminarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	extermine	exterminestú exterminésvos2	extermine	exterminemos	exterminéis	exterminen
	imperfect (ra)	exterminara	exterminaras	exterminara	extermináramos	exterminarais	exterminaran
	imperfect (se)	exterminase	exterminases	exterminase	exterminásemos	exterminaseis	exterminasen
	future1	exterminare	exterminares	exterminare	extermináremos	exterminareis	exterminaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		exterminatú exterminávos	extermine	exterminemos	exterminad	exterminen
	negative		no extermines	no extermine	no exterminemos	no exterminéis	no exterminen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of exterminar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive exterminar	dative	exterminarme	exterminarte	exterminarle, exterminarse	exterminarnos	exterminaros	exterminarles, exterminarse
	accusative	exterminarme	exterminarte	exterminarlo, exterminarla, exterminarse	exterminarnos	exterminaros	exterminarlos, exterminarlas, exterminarse
with gerund exterminando	dative	exterminándome	exterminándote	exterminándole, exterminándose	exterminándonos	exterminándoos	exterminándoles, exterminándose
	accusative	exterminándome	exterminándote	exterminándolo, exterminándola, exterminándose	exterminándonos	exterminándoos	exterminándolos, exterminándolas, exterminándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative extermina	dative	extermíname	extermínate	extermínale	extermínanos	not used	extermínales
	accusative	extermíname	extermínate	extermínalo, extermínala	extermínanos	not used	extermínalos, extermínalas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative exterminá	dative	exterminame	exterminate	exterminale	exterminanos	not used	exterminales
	accusative	exterminame	exterminate	exterminalo, exterminala	exterminanos	not used	exterminalos, exterminalas
with formal second-person singular imperative extermine	dative	extermíneme	not used	extermínele, extermínese	extermínenos	not used	extermíneles
	accusative	extermíneme	not used	extermínelo, extermínela, extermínese	extermínenos	not used	extermínelos, extermínelas
with first-person plural imperative exterminemos	dative	not used	exterminémoste	exterminémosle	exterminémonos	exterminémoos	exterminémosles
	accusative	not used	exterminémoste	exterminémoslo, exterminémosla	exterminémonos	exterminémoos	exterminémoslos, exterminémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative exterminad	dative	exterminadme	not used	exterminadle	exterminadnos	exterminaos	exterminadles
	accusative	exterminadme	not used	exterminadlo, exterminadla	exterminadnos	exterminaos	exterminadlos, exterminadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative exterminen	dative	extermínenme	not used	extermínenle	extermínennos	not used	extermínenles, extermínense
	accusative	extermínenme	not used	extermínenlo, extermínenla	extermínennos	not used	extermínenlos, extermínenlas, extermínense

Related terms

• exterminación
• exterminador
• exterminio

Further reading

• “exterminar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025