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fatwa

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Fatwa and fatwą

English

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WOTD – 17 June 2024

Etymology

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The noun is borrowed from Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”), the verbal noun of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”) (whence مُفْتٍ (muftin, “mufti”), the active participle of the same verb: see mufti).[1]

The forms fetwa, fetwah are derived from Italian fetfà (obsolete), and directly from its etymon Ottoman Turkish فتوی (fetva) (modern Turkish fetva), from Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā): see above.[1]

Modern uses of noun sense 1.2 (“decree that a person should be put to death”) and the corresponding verb sense are probably influenced by the issuance of a fatwa on 14 February 1989 by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1900 or 1902 – 1989), the Supreme Leader of Iran, calling for the British-American author Salman Rushdie (born 1947) and his publishers to be put to death for alleged blasphemy in his novel The Satanic Verses (1988).[1]

The plural form fatawa is borrowed from Arabic فَتَاوَى (fatāwā).

The verb is derived from the noun.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fatwa (plural fatwas or (rare) fatawa)

  2. (Islam)
    1. A formal legal decree, opinion, or ruling issued by a mufti or other Islamic judicial authority.
      The website contains fatwas on points of Islamic law that arise in court cases.
      • 2021 October 4, Reuters, “Lars Vilks, Swedish cartoonist who depicted Mohammed, killed in car crash”, in CNN‎[1]:
        In 2015, one person was killed in Copenhagen at a meeting meant to mark the 25th anniversary of an Iranian fatwa against British writer Salman Rushdie, which Vilks attended.
    3. (by extension, loosely, proscribed) A decree issued by a mufti or other Islamic judicial authority that a person should be put to death, usually as punishment for committing apostasy or blasphemy.
  3. (religion, by extension) A formal decree or ruling, or statement, issued by an authority of a religion other than Islam.
  4. (figurative, informal) An emphatic decree or opinion, especially one which condemns or criticizes.

Alternative forms

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Translations

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Verb

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fatwa (third-person singular simple present fatwas, present participle fatwaing, simple past and past participle fatwaed)

  1. (transitive, rare) To issue a fatwa (noun sense 1) against (someone); specifically (loosely, erroneous), a fatwa imposing a ban or a death sentence.
    • 1999, Mary Anne Weaver, “Life in the Alleys”, in A Portrait of Egypt: A Journey through the World of Militant Islam, New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN, page 141:
      Unlike many writers and artists, Chahine had not been fatwaed by the militants, but he felt threatened nevertheless.
    • 2002, South Asia Politics, volume 1, New Delhi: Rashtriya Jagriti Sansthan, →OCLC, page 30, column 2:
      One wonders why these terrorists are not fatwaed.
    • 2013 April 15, Katie Van Syckle, “Q&A: Salman Rushdie Talks ‘Midnight’s Children,’ Other Projects”, in Rolling Stone‎[2], New York, N.Y.: Penske Media Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-06-12:
      'I'm just beginning one,' says famously-fatwaed author of new novel [subtitle]
      An adjective use.
    • 2015, Mohamed Gibril Sesay, “The Youth of Paradise”, in This Side of Nothingness […] (Sierra Leonean Writers Series), Freetown, Sierra Leone: Karantha Publishers, →ISBN, page 186:
      Ask Salman Rushdie. He was fatwaed for linking facts and fiction in ways that the mullahs say they should not be linked.

Translations

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “fatwa, n.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023; “fatwa, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Danish

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Danish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia da

Etymology

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From Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”), the verbal noun of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fatwa c

  1. (Islam) fatwa (legal opinion issued by a mufti)

Declension

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Declension of fatwa
common
gender 		singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative fatwa fatwaen fatwaer fatwaerne
genitive fatwas fatwaens fatwaers fatwaernes
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Finnish

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Etymology

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Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈfɑtwɑ/, [ˈfɑ̝t̪wɑ̝]
  • IPA(key): /ˈfɑtʋɑ/, [ˈfɑ̝t̪ʋɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ɑtwɑ
  • Hyphenation(key): fat‧wa

Noun

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fatwa

  1. (Islam) fatwa

Declension

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Inflection of fatwa (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative fatwa fatwat
genitive fatwan fatwojen
partitive fatwaa fatwoja
illative fatwaan fatwoihin
singular plural
nominative fatwa fatwat
accusative nom. fatwa fatwat
gen. fatwan
genitive fatwan fatwojen
fatwain rare
partitive fatwaa fatwoja
inessive fatwassa fatwoissa
elative fatwasta fatwoista
illative fatwaan fatwoihin
adessive fatwalla fatwoilla
ablative fatwalta fatwoilta
allative fatwalle fatwoille
essive fatwana fatwoina
translative fatwaksi fatwoiksi
abessive fatwatta fatwoitta
instructive — fatwoin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of fatwa (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative fatwani fatwani
accusative nom. fatwani fatwani
gen. fatwani
genitive fatwani fatwojeni
fatwaini rare
partitive fatwaani fatwojani
inessive fatwassani fatwoissani
elative fatwastani fatwoistani
illative fatwaani fatwoihini
adessive fatwallani fatwoillani
ablative fatwaltani fatwoiltani
allative fatwalleni fatwoilleni
essive fatwanani fatwoinani
translative fatwakseni fatwoikseni
abessive fatwattani fatwoittani
instructive — —
comitative — fatwoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative fatwasi fatwasi
accusative nom. fatwasi fatwasi
gen. fatwasi
genitive fatwasi fatwojesi
fatwaisi rare
partitive fatwaasi fatwojasi
inessive fatwassasi fatwoissasi
elative fatwastasi fatwoistasi
illative fatwaasi fatwoihisi
adessive fatwallasi fatwoillasi
ablative fatwaltasi fatwoiltasi
allative fatwallesi fatwoillesi
essive fatwanasi fatwoinasi
translative fatwaksesi fatwoiksesi
abessive fatwattasi fatwoittasi
instructive — —
comitative — fatwoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative fatwamme fatwamme
accusative nom. fatwamme fatwamme
gen. fatwamme
genitive fatwamme fatwojemme
fatwaimme rare
partitive fatwaamme fatwojamme
inessive fatwassamme fatwoissamme
elative fatwastamme fatwoistamme
illative fatwaamme fatwoihimme
adessive fatwallamme fatwoillamme
ablative fatwaltamme fatwoiltamme
allative fatwallemme fatwoillemme
essive fatwanamme fatwoinamme
translative fatwaksemme fatwoiksemme
abessive fatwattamme fatwoittamme
instructive — —
comitative — fatwoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative fatwanne fatwanne
accusative nom. fatwanne fatwanne
gen. fatwanne
genitive fatwanne fatwojenne
fatwainne rare
partitive fatwaanne fatwojanne
inessive fatwassanne fatwoissanne
elative fatwastanne fatwoistanne
illative fatwaanne fatwoihinne
adessive fatwallanne fatwoillanne
ablative fatwaltanne fatwoiltanne
allative fatwallenne fatwoillenne
essive fatwananne fatwoinanne
translative fatwaksenne fatwoiksenne
abessive fatwattanne fatwoittanne
instructive — —
comitative — fatwoinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative fatwansa fatwansa
accusative nom. fatwansa fatwansa
gen. fatwansa
genitive fatwansa fatwojensa
fatwainsa rare
partitive fatwaansa fatwojaan
fatwojansa
inessive fatwassaan
fatwassansa 		fatwoissaan
fatwoissansa
elative fatwastaan
fatwastansa 		fatwoistaan
fatwoistansa
illative fatwaansa fatwoihinsa
adessive fatwallaan
fatwallansa 		fatwoillaan
fatwoillansa
ablative fatwaltaan
fatwaltansa 		fatwoiltaan
fatwoiltansa
allative fatwalleen
fatwallensa 		fatwoilleen
fatwoillensa
essive fatwanaan
fatwanansa 		fatwoinaan
fatwoinansa
translative fatwakseen
fatwaksensa 		fatwoikseen
fatwoiksensa
abessive fatwattaan
fatwattansa 		fatwoittaan
fatwoittansa
instructive — —
comitative — fatwoineen
fatwoinensa

French

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French Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fr

Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”), the verbal noun of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fatwa f (plural fatwas)

  1. (Islam) fatwa (legal opinion issued by a mufti)
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Indonesian

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Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”), the verbal noun of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”). Doublet of petuah.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fatwa (plural fatwa-fatwa)

  1. fatwa (legal opinion issued by a mufti)
    Synonym: petuah
  2. (figurative) advice from elder or pious people
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Further reading

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Italian

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Italian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia it

Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”), the verbal noun of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fatwa f (invariable)

  1. (Islam) fatwa (legal opinion issued by a mufti)
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Malay

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Etymology

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From Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”), the verbal noun of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”). Doublet of petua.

Pronunciation

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Malay Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ms

Noun

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fatwa (Jawi spelling فتوى, plural fatwa-fatwa)

  1. (Islam) fatwa (legal opinion issued by a mufti)
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Further reading

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Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fatwa f

  1. (Islam) fatwa (legal opinion issued by a mufti)

Declension

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Declension of fatwa
singular plural
nominative fatwa fatwy
genitive fatwy fatw
dative fatwie fatwom
accusative fatwę fatwy
instrumental fatwą fatwami
locative fatwie fatwach
vocative fatwo fatwy
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noun

Further reading

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  • fatwa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • fatwa in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈfa.tu.ɐ/ [ˈfa.tʊ.ɐ], (faster pronunciation) /ˈfa.twɐ/
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈfa.tu.a/ [ˈfa.tʊ.a], (faster pronunciation) /ˈfa.twa/

Noun

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fatwa f (plural fatwas)

  1. Alternative form of fátua

Spanish

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Noun

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fatwa f (plural fatwas)

  1. Alternative spelling of fatua
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